Historical Common Names of Great Plains Plants: R

Raave 1900 (158) Elodea canadensis Michx. [reported as: Philotria canadensis (Michx.) Britt.] Rabano rusticano (Spanish) 1900 (158) Armoracia rusticana P.G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. [reported as: Roripa armoracia (L.) A.S. Hitchc.] Rabbit-berry [Rabbit berry, Rabbitberry] 1806-1936 (5, 10, 20, 35, 36, 92, 93, 156, 158) Ordway, Gass, Whitehouse, obsolete by 1923 Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt. [also reported as: Lepargyraea argentea (Nutt.) Greene] 1977-1986 (3, 4) Shepherdia canadensis Nutt. Rabbitbrush [Rabbit brush, Rabbit-brush] 1930-Present (1, 4, 50, 93, 106, 122, 146, 155) Chrysothamnus Nutt. 1913-1977 (3, 5, 85, 93, 127) Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird ssp. nauseosa var. glabrata (Gray) Nesom & Baird [also reported as: Chrysothamnus graveolens (Nutt.) Greene, Chrysothamnus naseosus (Pallas) Britton ssp. graveolens (Nutt.) Piper, Chrysothamnus plattensis Greene] 1913-1923 (5, 156) Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby Rabbitbush [Rabbit bush] 1923 (156) Amorpha fruticosa L. Rabbit-ears 1923 (156) Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. Rabbit-flower [Rabbit flower] 1913-1923 (5, 156) Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. [also reported as: Linaria linaria (L.) Karst.] Rabbit-foot [Rabbit foot, Rabbit's-foot, Rabbits' foot] 1923 (156) Aralia nudicaulis L. 1919 (37) Lespedeza capitata Michx. 1876-1913 (5, 92) Trifolium arvense L. Rabbit-foot clover [Rabbitfoot clover] 1900-Present (3, 4, 5, 50, 82, 155, 156, 158) Trifolium arvense L. Rabbit-foot grass [Rabbitfoot-grass, Rabbitfoot grass, Rabbit-foot-grass] Present (50) Polypogon Desf. 1937-1977 (3, 109, 122) Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Rabbit-foot polypogon [Rabbitfoot polypogon] 1942-1944 (140, 155) Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Rabbit-meat [Rabbit meat] 1900-1913 (5, 158) Lamium purpureum L. Rabbit-pea [Rabbit pea] 1900-1929 (5, 156, 157, 158) Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers [also reported as: Cracca virginiana L.] Rabbits 1900 (158) Antirrhinum majus L. Rabbit's-flower [Rabbit-flower, Rabbit's flower] 1903-1923 (5, 69, 156) Digitalis pupurea L. Rabbit's-foot plantain [Rabbit's foot plantain] 1820 (38) Plantago patagonica Jacq. [reported as: Plantago lagopus Pursh, Plantago purshii Roemer & J.A. Schultes] Rabbit's-mouth [Rabbit's mouth, Rabbits' mouth] 1876-1923 (5, 92, 156, 158) Antirrhinum majus L. Rabbit's-root [Rabbit's root, Rabbits' root, Rabbit root] 1876-1929 (5, 64, 92, 157, 158) Aralia nudicaulis L. Rabbit-tobacco [Rabbit tobacco, Rabbittobacco] 1986 (4) Evax Gaertn. 1986 (4) Evax prolifera Nutt. ex DC. 1894-Present (5, 50, 75, 156, 157) Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & Burtt ssp. obtusifolium [also reported as: Gnaphalium polycephalum Michx., Gnaphalium obtusifolium L.] Rabbitvine [Rabbit-vine] 1923 (156) Apios americana Medik. [reported as: Apios tuberosa Moench] Rabbitweed [Rabbit-weed] 1923 (156) Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby Rabette (French) 1919 (107) Brassica rapa L. var. rapa [reported as: Brassica campestris L.] Rabone 1900 (158) Raphanus sativus L. Raccoon berry [Raccoon-berry, Raccoonberry] 1828-1929 (5, 6, 7, 49, 53, 64, 92, 107, 156, 157, 158) Podophyllum peltatum L. 1828 (7) Symphoricarpos Duham. [reported as: Symphoria J. (Symphoria Raf.)] Raccoon grape 1923-1986 (3, 4, 156) Ampelopsis cordata Michx. 1828 (7) Vitis aestivalis Michx. [reported as: Vitis ursina Raf.] 1895 (15) Vitis vulpina L. [reported as: Vitis cordifolia Michx.] Racemed bouteloua 1907 (72) IA Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. var. curtipendula [reported as: Atheropogon curtipendulus (Michx.) Fourn.] Racemed elder 1899 (131) SD Sambucus racemosa L. Racemed elm 1900 (158) Book name Ulmus thomasii Sargent [reported as: Ulmus racemosa D. Thomas] Racemed milkvetch [Racemed milk vetch] 1899-1936 (5, 93, 97, 131) Astragalus racemosus Pursh Racemed white elm 1913-1923 (5, 156) Ulmus thomasii Sargent [also reported as: Ulmus racemosa D. Thomas] Racemosa canadensis 1879 (46) Aralia racemosa L. Racine a becquet (Canada, Louisiana) 1828 (7) Geranium maculatum L. Racine de tabac (French) 1870-1905 (101, 103) Valeriana edulis Nutt. Racine des chapelets (French) 1932 (105) Apios americana Medik. [reported as: Apios tuberosa Moench] Radical 1894 (75) WV Solanum carolinense L. Radical-weed [Radical weed] 1900-1923? (5, 156, 157, 158) obsolete by 1923 Solanum carolinense L. Radish 1895-Present (1, 15, 50, 82, 138, 155, 156, 158) Raphanus L. [also reported as: Raphanus (Tourn.) L.] 1930 (106) Raphanus raphanistrum L. 1828-1986 (4, 7, 82, 85, 92, 107, 109, 114, 138, 158) Raphanus sativus L. Radix snaqroel nothae Angliae 1635 (46) Cornuti Prenanthes alba L. [reported as: Nabalus albus (L.) Hook.] Rafinesque's pondweed [Rafinesque pondweed] 1913-1938 (5, 97, 120) Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. [also reported as: Potamogeton hybridus] Rafinesque’s viburnum [Rafinesque viburnum] 1942 (155) Viburnum rafinesquianum Schult. Raf-starr 1879 (46) Carex conjuncta Boott [reported as: Carex vulpina] Rag sumpweed 1942 (155) Iva xanthifolia Nutt. Ragged cup [Ragged-cup] 1840-1923 (5, 19, 49, 92, 156, 158) Silphium perfoliatum L. Ragged fringed orchis 1895 (2) Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G. Don [reported as: Habenaria lacera (Michx.) Lodd.] Ragged orchis 1923-1977 (3, 109, 156) Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G. Don [also reported as: Habenaria lacera (Michx.) Lodd.] Ragged-lady [Ragged lady] 1930 (106) Gaura coccinea Nutt. ex Pursh Ragged-robin [Ragged robin] 1896 (76) OH, Baltimore MD Centaurea cyanus L. 1900 (158) double variety Silene latifolia Poir. ssp. alba (P. Mill.) Greuter & Burdet [reported as: Lychnis alba P. Mill.] Ragged-sailor [Ragged sailor, Ragged-sailors, Ragged sailors] 1930 (106) Centaurea cyanus L. 1896 (76) Southold LI Cichorium intybus L. 1828-1923 (5, 77, 82, 92, 156, 158) Polygonum orientale L. [also reported as: Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach] Ragjag [Rag-jag] 1900-1929 (156, 157, 158) Chenopodium album L. Ragweed [Rag weed, Rag-weed] 1895-Present (1, 2, 4, 45, 50, 82, 93, 155, 156, 158) Ambrosia L. [also reported as: Ambrosia (Tourn.) L.] 1869-1917 (2, 6, 57, 58, 62, 72, 95, 131, 145, 158) Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. [also reported as: Ambrosia artemisaefolia L.] 1876-1932 (5, 37, 85, 92, 125, 157) Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. var. elatior (L.) Descourtils [also reported as: Ambrosia elatior L.] 1911-1929 (95, 157) Ambrosia psilostachya DC. 1930-1932 (85, 106) Ambrosia trifida L. Ragwort [Rag-wort] Present (50) Packera A. & D. Löve 1814-Present (1, 10, 50, 93, 126, 127, 156, 167) Senecio L. [also reported as: Senecio (Tourn.) L. Raifoot, Commune (French) 1892 (6) Raphanus raphanistrum L. Raifort (French, strong root) 1886-1900 (110, 158) Armoracia rusticana P.G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. [reported as: Roripa armoracia (L.) A.S. Hitchc.] Rain lily [Rainlily, Rain-lily, Rain lilies] 1923-Present (50, 109, 138, 155) Cooperia Herb. 1898 (78) TX Cooperia drummondii Herb. Rainberry thorn [Rain-berry thorn] 1900-1923 (156, 158) Rhamnus cathartica L. Rainbow-weed [Rainbow weed] 1898-1923 (92, 156, 158) Lythrum salicaria L. Rainfarn (German) 1892-1900 (6, 158) Tanacetum vulgare L. Rainweide (German) 1900 (158) Ligustrum vulgare L. Raisin sauvage 1820 (89) Vitis vulpina L. Rake-hinshek (Winnebago, bushy weed or fuzzy weed) 1919 (37) Artemisia dracunculus L. [reported as: Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh] Rake-ni-ozhu (Winnebago, weed that holds water) 1919 (37) Silphium perfoliatum L. Rake-paraparatsh (Winnebago, square weed) 1919 (37) Silphium perfoliatum L. Ramie 1900 (158) Boehmeria Jacq. Ramno catartico (Spanish) 1900 (158) Rhamnus cathartica L. Rampion 1930-1949 (82, 109) Campanula rapunculoides L. [also reported as: Campanula rapunculus L.] Rampion bellflower Present (50) Campanula rapunculoides L. Ramps 1894 (75) Banner Elk NC Allium L. 1810-1894 (23, 75, 156) Allium tricoccum Ait. Ram's-claws [Ram's claws] 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) Ranunculus repens L. Ram's-head [Ram's head] 1932 (1) Cypripedium L. [reported as: Criosanthes Raf.] Ram's-head lady's-slipper [Ram's head lady slipper] 1932 (1) Cypripedium L. [reported as: Criosanthes Raf.] Ram's-horn [Ram's horn, Ram's horns] 1923-Present (50, 156) Proboscidea louisianica (P. Mill.) Thellung [also reported as: Martynia louisiana Miller] Present (50) Proboscidea louisianica (P. Mill.) Thellung ssp. louisianica Ramstead or Ramsted 1898-1929 (49, 157, 158) Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. [also reported as: Linaria linaria (L.) Karst.] Ram's-tongue [Ram's tongue] 1900-1923? (5, 156, 157, 158) obsolete by 1923 Plantago lanceolata L. Ramtil 1876 (92) Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass. [reported as: Guizotia oleifera ] Ramtilla Present (50) Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass. Rancid 1900-1923? (5, 156, 158) verbal corruption, obsolete by 1923 Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. [also reported as: Linaria linaria (L.) Karst.] Randall grass 1890 (67) Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl [reported as: Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.] 1885-1913 (5, 45, 56, 66, 68, 88) Lolium pratense (Huds.) S.J. Darbyshire [also reported as: Festuca elatior L., Festuca elatior pratensis (Huds.) Hack., Festuca pratensis Huds.] Range grass 1913 (5) Panicum obtusum H.B.K. Rannoch-rush [Rannochrush] Present (50) Scheuchzeria palustris L. ssp. americana (Fern.) Hultén Ranoncule (French) 1892 (6) Ranunculus repens L. 1892 (6) Ranunculus sceleratus L. Ranstead or Ransted 1892-1929 (5, 6, 62, 156, 157) Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. [also reported as: Linaria linaria (L.) Karst., Linaria vulgaris Hill] Rantipole 1900-1923? (156, 157, 158) obsolete by 1923 Daucus carota L. Ranty-tanty 1900-1923 (156, 158) Rumex acetosella L. Ranunculus arvensis echinatus 1694 (46) Tournefort Ranunculus arvensis L. Ranunculus pratensis radice verticilli modo rotunda 1694 (46) Tournefort Ranunculus bulbosus L. Ranunculus sylvestris tertius 1568 (46) Dodoens Ranunculus arvensis L. Rapa 421 AD (107) Brassica rapa L. var. rapa [reported as: Brassica campestris L.] Rapahat (Pawnee, red stick) 1919 (37) Cornus amomum P. Mill. Rape 1919-1936 (1, 93, 107) Brassica L. 1898-1932 (85, 118) Brassica rapa L. [also reported as: Brassica repens(Possibly, Brassica rapa)] 1919 (107) Brassica rapa L. var. rapa [reported as: Brassica campestris L.] 1913 (5) misapplied Raphanus raphanistrum L. Rapeseed [Rape seed, Rape-seed] 1876-1900 (92, 158) seeds Brassica rapa L. var. rapa [also reported as: Brassica campestris L.] Raphanus 1300 (107) Albertus Magnus Armoracia rusticana P.G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. [reported as: Cochlearia armoracia L.] Rapsöl (German) 1900 (158) seeds Brassica rapa L. var. rapa [reported as: Brassica campestris L.] Rapuntium canadense pumilum linariae folio 1684 (46) Tournefort Lobelia kalmii L. Rapuntium foliis oblongis, villosis, mollibus, margine leviter crenatis 1720 (168) Clayton Lobelia spicata Lam. [reported as: Lobelia claytoniana Michx.] Rare clubmoss [Rare club moss] Present (50) Lycopodium obscurum L. Raspberry or Raspberry bush 1785-1986 (1, 4, 8, 106, 138, 155) Rubus L. 1879-1922 (49, 53, 57) Rubus idaeus L. 1870-1894 (92, 103, 114) Rubus idaeus L. ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke [also reported as: Rubus strigosus Michx.] 1894 (114) Rubus occidentalis L. Ratany [Rhatany] 1849-Present (4, 13, 50, 155) Krameria L. [also reported as: Krameria (Loefl.) L., Krameria Loefl.] 1977-1986 (3, 4) Krameria lanceolata Torr. Rat-tail [Rattail] 1913 (5) Phleum pratense L. 1900-1923? (5, 156, 158) obsolete by 1923 Plantago lanceolata L. Rat-tail fescue [Rattail fescue, Rat's-tail fescue] or Rat-tail fescue grass [Rat's tail fescue grass] 1901-Present (3, 5, 50, 94, 155) Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmel. [also reported as: Festuca myuros L.] Rat-tail grass [Rat-tail-grass] 1938 (119) OK Coelorachis cylindrica (Michx.) Nash [reported as: Manisuris cylindrica (Michx.) O. Ktze.] Rattle brome 1942-1944 (140, 155) Bromus briziformis Fisch. & C. A. Mey. [also reported as: Bromus brizaeformis Fisch. & Mey.] Rattle-bags [Rattle bags] 1913-1923? (5, 156) obsolete by 1923 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke [also reported as: Silene latifolia (P. Mill.) Britton & Rendle] Rattlebag-weed [Rattle bag weed, Rattle-bag weed] 1913-1923 (5, 156) Astragalus mollissimus Torr. Rattlebox [Rattle-box, Rattle box] 1913 (80) IA Astragalus canadensis L. 1818-Present (1, 2, 10, 50, 93, 122, 156, 158) Crotalaria L. 1840-1986 (3, 4, 5, 71, 19, 63, 72, 80, 85, 92, 93, 97, 125, 131, 156, 157, 158) Crotalaria sagittalis L. 1900-1937 (5, 93, 97, 158) Ludwigia alternifolia L. [also reported as: Ludwigea alternifolia L.] 1893 (74) Berkshire Co. MA Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke [reported as: Silene cucubalus Wibel] Rattlebox-weed [Rattle-box weed] 1870 (103) Astragalus L. 1896 (76) CA Astragalus mollissimus Torr. Rattlebush [Rattle bush] 1913 (5) Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. ex Aiton f. Rattle-nut [Rattle nut] 1828-1923 (7, 92, 156, 158) seeds Nelumbo lutea Willd. [also reported as: Nelumbium luteum Juss. (Possibly, Nelumbo lutea)] Rattlepod [Rattle pod , Rattle-pod] 1932 (1) Astragalus L. [reported as: Phaca L.] 1923 (156) Ludwigia alternifolia L. 1932 (85) SD Astragalus americanus (Hook.) M.E.Jones [reported as: Astragalus americana (Hook.) Rydb.] 1986 (4) Crotalaria L. Rattler tree [Rattler-tree] 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) Populus alba L. Rattlesnake brome Present (50) Bromus briziformis Fisch. & C. A. Mey. [reported as: Bromus briziiformis Fisch. & C. A. Mey.] Rattlesnake chess 1944-1977 (3, 140) Bromus briziformis Fisch. & C. A. Mey. [also reported as: Bromus brizaeformis Fisch. & Mey.] Rattlesnake fern [Rattlesnake-fern, Rattlesnakefern] 1828 (7) Botrychium Sw. 1869-Present (3, 4, 5, 19, 40, 50, 58, 97, 107, 109, 138, 155, 157, 158) Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. [also reported as: Botrychium virginicum (L.) Sw.] 1828 (7) Osmunda L. [reported as: Osmunda (Tourn) L.] Rattlesnake flag [Rattlesnake-flag] 1828-1929 (5, 7, 64, 92, 156, 157, 158) Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. [also reported as: Eryngium aquaticum L., Eryngium yuccefolium] Rattlesnake grape-fern [Rattle-snake grape-fern] 1878 (86) for resembalcne of spore cases to tail of rattlesnake Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake grass [Rattle-snake-grass] 1876-1913 (5, 66, 87, 88, 90, 92, 94) Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. [also reported as: Panicularia canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze] Rattlesnake-herb [Rattlesnake herb] 1900-1923 (156, 158) Actaea pachypoda Ell. [also reported as: Actaea alba (Aiton) Willd. (Possibly, Actaea pachypoda)] 1900-1929 (5, 156, 157) Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. Rattlesnake manna grass [Rattlesnake mannagrass] 1942-Present (50, 155) Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. Rattlesnake plant 1820 (43) Podophyllum peltatum L. Rattlesnake snakeroot [Rattlesnake snake-root] 1770-1923 (5, 41, 156) Polygala senega L. Rattlesnake weed [Rattlesnake-weed, Rattlesnakes' weed, Rattlesnake weede] 1986 (4) Daucus pusillus Michx. 1905 (101) MT. says root has acrid burning taste, could this be a misidentification? Echinacea angustifolia DC. 1876-1929 (5, 64, 92, 156, 157, 158) Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. [also reported as: Eryngium aquaticum L.] 1898 (77) Southwest MO, said to be antidote for rattlesnake bite Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W. Bart. [reported as: Lycopus sinuatus Ell.] 1879 (46) Prenanthes alba L. [reported as: Nabalus albus (L.) Hook.] Rattlesnake-bite-cure [Rattlesnake bite cure] 1896 (76) CA Daucus pusillus Michx. Rattlesnake-master [Rattlesnake master, Rattlesnakes' master, Rattlesnake's master, Rattlesnake's-master]] 1932 (1) Eryngium L. [reported as: Eryngium (Tourn.) L.] 1869-1949 (5, 6, 49, 53, 57, 58, 64, 92, 109, 156, 157, 158) Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. [also reported as: Eryngium aquaticum L., Eryngium yuccaefolium Michx.] 1828 (7) Liatris Gaertn. ex Schreber. [reported as: Liatris Auct.] 1923 (156) Liatris aspera Michx. [reported as: Liatris scariosa Willd.] 1898-1923 (92, 156) Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. Rattlesnake-plantain [Rattlesnake plantain, Rattlesnakes' plantain] 1923 (156) Possibly, Epipactis Zinn [reported as: Epipactis R. Br. ] 1923-Present (1, 50, 109, 138) Goodyera R. Br. 1977 (3) Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. 1876-1932 (85, 92) Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. [also reported as: Peramium ophioides (Fernald) Rydb.] Rattlesnake-root [Rattlesnake root, Rattlesnakeroot, Rattlesnakes' root] 1852 (47) Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. [reported as: Eryngium aquaticum L.] 1923 (156) Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. 1900-1911 (59, 64, 158) Polygala senega L. 1895-Present (1, 2, 4, 50, 82, 155, 156, 158) Prenanthes L. [also reported as: Nabalus Cass., Prenanthes (Vaill) L.] 1876-1930 (5, 46, 49, 72, 82, 85, 92, 131, 156, 158) Prenanthes alba L. [also reported as: Nabalus albus (L.) Hook.] 1900-1929 (5, 93, 157) Prenanthes aspera Michx. [also reported as: Nabalus asper (Michx.) Torr. & Gray] 1828-1923 (5, 7, 156, 158) misapplied Trillium cernuum L. [also reported as: Trillium latifolium] Rattleweed [Rattle-weed , Rattle weed] 1814 (167) Actaea L. 1930-1936 (1, 93, 106) Astragalus L. [also reported as: Phaca L.] 1900-1929 (156, 157, 158) Astragalus mollissimus Torr. 1898-1923 (71, 156) Crotalaria sagittalis L. Raven-foot sedge [Ravenfoot sedge, Raven's foot sedge 1907-Present (5, 50, 72) Carex crus-corvi Shuttlew. ex Kunz. Raven's-claw [Raven's claw] 1671 (46) Josselyn Geranium maculatum L. Rawbone 1900 (158) Raphanus sativus L. Rawcomenes 1879 (46) natives on James River Vaccinium stamineum L. Ray or Ray grass [Ray-grass] 1882 (14) Lolium L. 1852-1938 (5, 56, 90, 92, 119, 157, 163) Lolium perenne L. 1900-1929 (157, 158) possibly a corruption of Rye-grass Lolium temulentum L. Ray grass of France 1876-1903 (66, 67, 92) Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J.& K. Presl var. elatius [reported as: Avena elatior, Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.] Rayless alkali aster Present (50) Symphyotrichum ciliatum (Ledeb.) Nesom Rayless aster 1911-1986 (3, 4, 5, 85, 93, 95) Symphyotrichum ciliatum (Ledeb.) Nesom [also reported as: Aster brachyactis Blake, Brachyactis angusta (Lindl.) Britton, Brachyactis angustus (Lindl.) Britton] Rayless camomile [Rayless chamomile] 1913-1937 (5, 97, 156) Matricaria discoidea DC. [also reported as: Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter, Matricaria suaveolens] Rayless dogfennel 1905 (101) MT Matricaria discoidea DC. Rayless eriocarpum 1899 (131) SD Machaeranthera grindelioides (Nutt.) Shinners var. grindelioides [reported as: Eriocarpum grindelioides Nutt.] Rayless gaillardia 1913-1937 (5, 97) Gaillardia suavis ( Gray & Engelm.) Britton & Rusby [also reported as: Gaillardia trinervata Small] Rayless goldenrod [Rayless golden-rod] 1937 (122) TX Chrysothamnus Nutt. 1937 (124) TX Chrysothamnus pulchellus (Gray) Greene 1895 (130) SD Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird ssp. nauseosa var. glabrata (Gray) Nesom & Baird [reported as: Bigelovia graveolens Gray, Chrysocoma graveolens Nutt., Chrysothamnus graveolens (Nutt.) Greene] Rayless marigold 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) Bidens frondosa L. Rayless sideranthus 1913-1936 (5, 93) Machaeranthera grindelioides (Nutt.) Shinners var. grindelioides [also reported as: Sideranthus grindelioides (Nutt.) Britton] Rayless tansy-aster [Rayless tansyaster] Present (50) Machaeranthera grindelioides (Nutt.) Shinners Present (50) Machaeranthera grindelioides (Nutt.) Shinners var. grindelioides Rayless thelesperma 1913-1937 (5, 93, 97) Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze [also reported as: Thelesperma gracile (Torr.) Gray] Ray's knotweed 1907-Present (50, 72) IA Polygonum raii Bab. [also reported as: Polygonum rayi Babingt.] Ray's woodsia 1913 (5) Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br. Raz (Ilyrian) 1886 (110) Secale cereale L. Razor-sedge [Razorsedge] 1942 (155) Scleria Berg. Real sweet clover 1892 (73) MA, ME Trifolium pratense L. Rebelweed [Rebel-weed] 1930 (106) Lythrum salicaria L. Red alder 1900-1923 (156, 158) Alnus incana (L.) Moench ssp. rugosa (DuRoi) Clausen [also reported as: Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng.] 1898-1922 (49, 53) Alnus serrulata (Aiton) Willd. Red amaranth 1919-Present (50, 107) Amaranthus cruentus L. [also reported as: Amaranthus paniculatus L.] 1900-1936 (5, 93, 156, 157, 158) Amaranthus hybridus L. 1913-1936 (5, 93, 156) Amaranthus spinosus L. Red archangel 1900-1913 (5, 158) Lamium purpureum L. Red ash 1785 (8) Fraxinus americana L. 1895-1986 (3, 4, 5, 72, 82, 93, 97, 109, 130, 131, 138, 155, 156) Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. [also reported as: Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. pennsylvanica] Red baneberry [Red bane-berry] 1899-Prsent (5, 40, 50, 63, 72, 85, 92, 93, 131, 138, 155, 157, 158) Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. Present (50) Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hultén 1895-Present (2, 50) Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. ssp. rubra [reported as: Actaea spicata L. var. rubra Ait] Red barley 1900 (158) varieties of 6-rowed barley Hordeum vulgare L. [reported as: Hordeum hexastichon L.] Red basswood 1900-1929 (157, 158) Tilia americana L. Red bay 1923 (156) misapplied Lobelia cardinalis L. Red bells 1923 (156) Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Betty [Red-Betty] 1900-1929 (5, 37, 75, 156, 157, 158) Ferrisburgh VT Lobelia cardinalis L. Red birch 1828-1890 (1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 20, 65, 97, 107, 109, 113, 137, 156, 158) Betula nigra L. [also reported as: Betula rubra] Red bird's-eye [Red bird's eye, Red-bird's-eye] 1900-1929 (5, 156, 157, 158) Geranium robertianum L. [also reported as: Robertiella robertiana (L.) Hanks.] Red cabbage 1919 (107) Brassica L. Red cardinal or Red cardinal flower 1876-1929 (92, 156, 157, 158) Lobelia cardinalis L. Red carelessweed [Red careless weed] 1912 (62) IN Amaranthus spinosus L. Red cedar [Red-cedar, Redcedar] or Red cedar tree 1939 (148) CO Juniperus L. 1905 (101) MT Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. 1770-1986 (3, 4, 5, 6, 89,12, 14, 20, 19, 27, 35, 38, 40, 41, 46, 48, 55, 57, 58, 72, 85, 92, 97, 106, 108, 109, 112, 113, 114, 130, 131, 135, 136, 138, 147, 157, 158, 164) excresences of insects are incorrectly called cedar apples Juniperus virginiana L. 1932 (1) Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana [reported as: Sabina virginiana] Red centaury 1876 (92) Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh Red -center vine morning glory [Red -centered vine morning-glory] 1937 (124) TX Convolvulus equitans Benth. [reported as: Convolvulus hermannoides Gray] Red cherry 1876 (92) Prunus cerasus L. 1857-1913 (5, 20, 158) Prunus pensylvanica L. f. var. pensylvanica [also reported as: Cerasus pennsylvanica Torr. & Gray (Cerasus pensylvanica)] Red chickenweed 1900 (158) Anagallis arvensis L. Red chickweed 1882 (48) Kansas Anagallis arvensis L. Red chokecherry [Red choke cherry] 1932 (85) SD Prunus virginiana L. [reported as: Prunus nana (Du Roi) Roemer] Red clover 1869-Present (3, 4, 5, 6, 19, 45, 49, 50, 52, 53, 58, 61, 63, 66, 68, 72, 82. 85, 92, 93, 95, 97, 106, 107, 109, 114, 122, 129, 131, 138, 155, 156, 157, 158) Trifolium pratense L. Red cockscomb [Red coxcomb] 1900-1913 (5, 158) cultivated variety Amaranthus hybridus L. 1876-1898 (49, 92) Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. [also reported as: Amaranthus hypochondriacus W.] Red cohosh 1828-1929 (7, 92, 156, 157, 158) Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. Red cole 1919 (107) Armoracia rusticana P.G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. [reported as: Cochlearia armoracia L.] Red columbine 1828-Present (50, 7, 92, 156, 157, 158) Aquilegia canadensis L. Red cornel 1923 (156) Cornus sericea L. ssp. sericea [reported as: Cornus stolonifera Michx.] Red cotton-grass [Red cotton grass] 1840 (19) Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth [reported as: Scirpus eriophorum Michx.] Red currant 1928-Present (40, 50, 85) SD Ribes triste Pallas Red dare 1913 (5) Lolium perenne L. Red darnel 1913 (5) Lolium perenne L. Red dead-nettle [Red dead nettle] 1900-1937 (5, 97, 106, 107, 156, 158) Lamium purpureum L. Red dogwood 1919 (37) Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1923 (156) Cornus sericea L. ssp. sericea [reported as: Cornus stolonifera Michx.] Red elder 1895 (2) Sambucus racemosa L. 1900 (158) Sambucus racemosa L. var. racemosa [reported as: Sambucus pubens Michx.] 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) misapplied Viburnum opulus L. Red elderberry [Red elder-berry] 1923-Present (50, 156) Sambucus racemosa L. Present (50) Sambucus racemosa L. var. racemosa Red elm 1898 (78) Southwest MO Ulmus americana L. 1828-1937 (1, 5, 7, 9, 19, 20, 37, 58, 72, 82, 85, 92, 93, 95, 107, 109, 112, 113, 130, 156, 157, 158) Ulmus rubra Muhl. [also reported as: Ulmus fulva Michx, Ulmus pubsecens Walt.] Red false mallow 1977-1986 (3, 4) Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. 1913-1937 (5, 37, 97, 156) Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. ssp. coccinea [also reported as: Malvastrum coccineum (Pursh) Gray] Red fescue or Red fescue grass 1893-Present (35, 50, 56, 66, 68, 72, 109, 129, 138, 140, 143, 155) Festuca rubra L. Red flowering locust 1913 (5) Robinia pseudoacacia L. [reported as: Robinia pseudo-acacia L.] Red gaura 1930 (82, 106) Gaura coccinea Nutt. ex Pursh [also reported as: Gaura coccinea Pursh] Red gilia 1937 (122, 124) TX Ipomopsis rubra (L.) Wherry [also reported as: Gilia rubra (L.) Heller] Red goose-foot [Red goosefoot] 1840-Present (19, 50, 93, 122, 131, 155, 156, 158) Chenopodium rubrum L. Red grape 1828 (7) Possibly,Vitis aestivalis Michx. [reported as: Vitis fulva Raf.] Red haw 1937 (122, 124) TX Crataegus L. 1913-1936 (5, 93) Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik. 1806-1919 (35, 37, 101) Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe [also reported as: Crataegus columbiana How.] 1913-1931 (5, 137) Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe or Crataegus pedicellata Sargent [also reported as: Crataegus coccinea L.] 1913-1923 (5, 156) misapplied Crataegus crus-galli L. 1923-1932 (82, 85, 156) Crataegus mollis Scheele 1937 (112) Neb Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link [reported as: Crataegus succulenta Link] 1913 (5) Crataegus viridis L. Red hickory 1900-1913 (5, 158) Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell. [also reported as: Hicoria alba (L.) Britton] Red horned poppy 1986 (4) Glaucium corniculatum (L.) J. H. Rudolph Red Indian paint [Red Indian-paint] 1900-1929 (64, 156, 157, 158) Sanguinaria canadensis L. Red Indians [Red-Indians] 1892-1923 (5, 73, 156, 158) Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. Red ink plant [Red ink-plant, Red-ink plant] 1898-1913 (5, 71) Phytolacca americana L. 1876-1923 (92, 156, 157, 158) Phytolacca americana L. var. americana [also reported as: Phytolacca decandra L.] Red inkberry [Red ink berry] 1903-1908 (64, 69) Phytolacca americana L. var. americana [also reported as: Phytolacca decandra L.] Red jasmine 1898-1923 (5, 92, 156, 158) Ipomoea quamoclit L. [also reported as: Quamoclit quamoclit (L.) Britton] Red jessamine 1828 (7) Ipomoea quamoclit L. Red Judas tree [Red Judas-tree] 1900-1929 (5, 157, 158) Cercis canadensis L. Red juniper 1770-1929 (5, 6, 41, 157, 158) Juniperus virginiana L. Red lily 1840-1923 (5, 19, 156, 158) Lilium philadelphicum L. Red lobelia 1892-1929 (5, 6, 37, 92, 156, 157, 158) Lobelia cardinalis L. Red loco 1986 (4) Oxytropis besseyi (Rydb.) Blank. Red love grass [Red lovegrass] 1942-Present (50, 155) Eragrostis secundiflora J. Presl 1977-Present (3, 50) Eragrostis secundiflora J. Presl ssp. oxylepis (Torr.) S.D. Koch [also reported as: Eragrostis oxylepis (Torr.) Torr.] Red mallow 1899-1929 (95, 127, 131, 157) Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. ssp. coccinea [also reported as: Malvastrum coccineum (Pursh) Gray] Red maple 1904 (149) NM Acer glabrum Torr. 1900 (158) misapplied Acer saccharinum L. Red mint 1942 (155) Mentha ×gracilis [arvensis × spicata] [reported as: Mentha gentilis] 1942 (155) Mentha arvensis L. [reported as: Mentha gentilis L.] Red morning-glory [Red morning glory] 1932 (1) Ipomoea L. [reported as: Quamoclit Moench] 1977-1986 (3, 4) Ipomoea coccinea L. 1898 (77) Southwest MO Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth Red mulberry 1840-Present (1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 22, 20, 19, 46, 49, 50, 72, 82, 85, 92, 93, 95, 97, 107, 109, 113, 122, 124, 130, 131, 138, 155, 156, 157, 158) Morus rubra L. Present (50) Morus rubra L. var. rubra Red mustard 1892-1929 (6, 69, 157, 158) Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch [also reported as: Sinapis nigra L.] Red nightshade 1898 (49) Phytolacca americana L. var. americana [reported as: Phytolacca decandra L.] Red oak [Red oake] 1932 (1) Quercus L. [reported as: Quercus (Marsh.) Ashe.] 1629-1937 (2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, 18, 20, 19, 33, 37, 40, 41, 46, 58, 61, 65, 72, 78, 82, 92, 93, 95, 97, 106, 112, 113, 122, 124, 135, 156, 158) Quercus rubra L. 1949-1986 (4, 109) Quercus rubra L. var. ambigua (Gray) Fern. [also reported as: Quercus borealis Michx. f.] Red orach [Red orache] 1893-1986 (4, 5, 21, 93) Neb Atriplex rosea L. Red oreche 1538 (107) Atriplex hortensis L. Red osier [Red-osier] 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1840-1892 (19, 58, 92) Cornus sericea L. 1852-1977 (3, 47, 85, 131, 156) SD Cornus sericea L. ssp. sericea [also reported as: Cornus stolonifera Michx., Svida stolonifera (Michx.) Rydb.] Red-osier cornel [Red osier cornel] 1900-1913 (5, 158) Cornus sericea L. ssp. sericea [also reported as: Cornus stolonifera Michx.] Red-osier dogwood [Red osier dogwood , Redosier dogwood] Present (50) Cornus sericea L. 1873-Present (5, 9, 40, 50, 63, 72, 93, 95, 97, 108, 113, 138) Cornus sericea L. ssp. sericea [also reported as: Cornus stolonifera Michx.] Red paint 1828 (7) Lithospermum L. [reported as: Batschia Michx.] Red paint root 1876 (92) Sanguinaria canadensis L. Red pig-weed, Red pigweed 1840-1923 (19, 156, 158) Chenopodium rubrum L. Red pimpernel 1828-1929 (5, 6, 7, 19, 49, 61, 77, 92, 97, 156, 157, 158) Anagallis arvensis L. [also reported as: Anagallis phenicea Lam.] Red pine 1913 (5) Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson var. scopulorum Engelm. [reported as: Pinus scopulorum (Engelman.) Lemmon.] Red plum 1919 (107) Prunus americana Marsh. Red poppy 1876-1923 (5, 55, 57, 92, 156, 158) Papaver rhoeas L. Red primrose 1937 (124) TX Oenothera speciosa Nutt. Red puccoon 1828-1929 (6, 7, 48, 49, 53, 58, 64, 76, 92, 156, 157, 158) Sanguinaria canadensis L. Red raspberry 1942 (155) Rubus idaeus L. 1840-1986 (4, 19, 40, 49, 58, 92, 101, 107, 113, 130, 131, 156) Rubus idaeus L. ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke [also reported as: Rubus idaeus L. ssp. sachalinensis (Levi.) Focke, Rubus strigosus Michx.] Red rattle 1876 (92) Pedicularis canadensis L. Red ray 1913-1938 (5, 119) Lolium perenne L. Red River maple 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) Acer negundo L. Red River scale-seed [Red River scaleseed] Present (50) Spermolepis inermis (Nutt. ex DC.) Mathias & Constance Red robin [Red-robin] 1900-1949 (5, 109, 156, 157, 158) Geranium robertianum L. [also reported as: Robertiella robertiana (L.) Hanks.] Red rockcress 1942 (155) Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir. Red rood 1876 (92) Cornus sericea L. Red Sally [Red-Sally] 1900-1923 (156, 158) Lythrum salicaria L. Red sandwort 1923 (156) Spergularia salina J.& K. Presl [reported as: Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb.] Red savin 1892-1929 (5, 6, 157, 158) Juniperus virginiana L. Red snowberry 1923 (156) Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench Red sorrel 1893-1923 (5, 21, 62, 75, 93, 148, 156) Rumex acetosella L. Red sprangletop [Red sprangle-top] 1852-1977 (3, 155, 163) Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi ssp. brachiata (Steudl.) N. Snow [also reported as: Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv.] Red sumac 1930 (106) Rhus glabra L. Red sunflower 1828 (7) Echinacea Moench [reported as: Helichroa Raf.] Red swampfire Present (50) Salicornia rubra A. Nels. Red tassel-flower [Red tassel flower] 1905 (101) Dalea purpurea Vent. [reported as: Petalostemon violaceus Michx., Petalostemon violaceum Michx.] 1913-1923 (5, 156) Dalea purpurea Vent. var. purpurea [also reported as: Petalostemum purpureum (Vent.) Rydb.] Red thistle 1937 (124) TX Cirsium texanum Buckl. [reported as: Carduus austrinus Small, Cirsium austrinum (Small) E.D. Schulz] Red thorn or Red thorn bush 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe or Crataegus pedicellata Sargent [reported as: Crataegus coccinea L.] Red threeawn [Red three awn, Red three-awn] 1937-1977 (3, 122, 140, 146, 155) Aristida purpurea Nutt. var. longiseta (Steud.) Vasey [also reported as: Aristida longiseta Steud.] Red trillium 1923 (156) Trillium sessile L. Red turmeric 1869 (58) Sanguinaria canadensis L. Red waxberry 1923 (156) Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench Red willow 1895 (130) SD Salix eriocephala Michx. [reported as: Salix cordata vestita Anders.] 1900-1942 (5, 155, 156, 158) Salix interior Rowlee [also reported as: Salix fluviatilis Nutt., Salix longifolia Muhl., Salix rubra Richards., non Huds. Red wind anemone 1899 (131) SD Anemone multifida Poir. Red windflower [Red wind flower, Red wind-flower] 1900-1923 (156, 158) Anemone multifida Poir. 1913-1936 (5, 93) Anemone multifida Poir. var. hudsoniana DC. [also reported as: Anemone hudsonia Richards] Redberry [Red berry, Red-berry] 1900-1929 (5, 157, 158) Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. 1923 (156) Ilex crenata Thunb. [reported as: Ilex decidua Walt.] 1876-1929 (5, 6, 64, 92, 156, 157, 158) Panax quinquefolius L. [also reported as: Aralia quinquefolia Gray (Possibly, Panax quinquefolius) , Panax quinquefolium L.] Red-berry elder [Red berried elder, Red-berried elder] 1840-1923 (5, 19, 46, 63, 82, 92, 156) Sambucus racemosa L. [also reported as: Sambucus pubsecens Pursh] 1878-1986 (4, 72, 85, 86, 130, 158) Sambucus racemosa L. var. racemosa [also reported as: Sambucus microbotrys Rydb., Sambucus pubens Michx., Sambucus racemosa L. ssp. pubens (Michx.) House] Red-berry juniper [Redberry juniper] 1942-1977 (3, 155) Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. Red-berry moonseed 1913 (5) Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. [reported as: Epibaterium carolinum (L.) Britton] Red-berry snakeroot [Redberry snakeroot, Red berry snake root] 1828-1929 (7, 92, 157) Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. Red-bird 1900-1929 (157, 158) Geranium robertianum L. Red-bristle dewberry [Red-bristled dewberry] 1937 (97) OK Rubus trivialis Michx. [reported as: Rubus rubrisetus Rydb.] Redbrush [Red brush, Red-brush] 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1896 (76) Morgan Co. MO Cornus sericea L. 1892-1923 (5, 37, 73, 156, 158) Central US Cornus sericea L. ssp. sericea [also reported as: Cornus stolonifera Michx.] Redbud [Red bud, Red-bud] or Redbud tree [Red-bud tree] 1923-Present (1, 50, 82, 93, 109, 138, 155, 156) Cercis L. 1882-1986 (3, 4, 7, 10, 57, 93, 107, 121, 157) Cercis canadensis L. Redbush [Red-bush] 1929 (157) Cornus amomum P. Mill. Reddmace 1876 (92) Typha latifolia L. Red-dome blanket-flower [Red dome blanketflower] Present (50) Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Redfield's grass 1901-1938 (5, 94, 119) Redfieldia flexuosa (Thurb.) Vasey Red-flower clematis pipevine [Red-flowered clematis pipe vine] 1937 (124) TX Clematis pitcheri Torr. & Gray Red-fruit horse-gentian [Red-fruited horse-gentian] 1907 (72) IA Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn. Red-fruit sumac [Red-fruited sumac] 1929 (157) Rhus trilobata Nutt. Red-fruit thorn [Red fruited thorn, Red-fruited thorn] 1899-1937 (5, 72, 93, 97, 131) Crataegus mollis Scheele Red-head pondweed 1977 (3) Potamogeton richardsonii (Benn.) Rydb. Red-heart hickory [Red heart hickory] 1913-1923 (5, 156) Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch [also reported as: Hicoria ovata (P. Mill.) Britton] Red-knees [Red knees] 1876-1929 (5, 92, 156, 157, 158) Polygonum hydropiper L. [also reported as: Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Opiz.] Red-leaf barberry [Red leaf barberry] 1937 (112) Neb Berberis thunbergii DC. [reported as: Berberis thunbergii DC. var. atropurpurea Chenault] Red-leaf Japanese barberry [Redleaf Japanese barberry] 1942 (155) Berberis thunbergii DC. [reported as: Berberis thunbergii DC. var. atropurpurea Chenault] Red-leaf wood sorrel [Red-leaved wood sorrel] 1913 (5) Oxalis stricta L. [reported as: Xanthoxalis rufa Small.] Red-leaves 1923 (156) Polygonum hydropiper L. Red-ring milkweed [Redring milkweed] Present (50) Asclepias variegata L. Redroot [Red root, Red-root] 1912 (62) IN Amaranthus hybridus L. 1898-1923 (5, 77, 80, 93, 97, 125, 148, 156, 158) misapplied Amaranthus retroflexus L. [also reported as: Amarantus reflexus L.] 1912-1923 (62, 156) Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston [also reported as: Lithospermum arvense L.] 1900-1923 (5, 93, 156, 158) misapplied Cannabis sativa L. 1818-1936 (10, 13, 82, 93, 156, 158) Ceanothus L. 1806-1930 (5, 7, 14, 35, 47, 49, 52, 53, 54, 57, 58, 61, 82, 92, 106, 156, 157, 158) from color of root Ceanothus americanus L. [also reported as: Ceanothus officinalis Raf.] 1890-1937 (95, 113, 122, 124, 130, 145) Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. [also reported as: Ceanothus ovatus Desf. (Possibly, Ceanothus herbaceus] 1840-1923 (19, 156) Celastrus scandens L. 1900-1929 (156, 157, 158) Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1840-1876 (19, 92) Cornus sericea L. 1913-1923 (5, 156) Geum aleppicum Jacq. 1828-1922 (6, 7, 49, 53, 58, 64, 76, 92, 157, 158) Sanguinaria canadensis L. Redroot amaranth 1942-Present (50, 155) Amaranthus retroflexus L. Red-root flatsedge [Redroot flatsedge] Present (50) Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Red-root willow 1840 (19) Salix discolor Muhl. Red-rooted cyperus [Redrooted cyperus] 1893-1977 (3, 5, 72) Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Redrot [Red rot, Red-rot] 1892-1923 (5, 6, 156, 158) Drosera rotundifolia L. Redsater Present (50) Ipomoea coccinea L. Redscale 1977-1986 (3, 4) Atriplex rosea L. Red-seed dandelion [Red-seeded dandelion] 1907-1937 (5, 72, 80, 82, 85, 93, 95, 97, 127, 156) Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. [also reported as: Leontodon erythrospermum (Andrz. ex Bess.) Britton] Red-seed plantain [Redseed plantain, Red-seeded plantain] 1937-Present (3, 4, 50, 97, 155) Plantago rhodosperma Dcne. Red-seeded-lettuce 1977-1986 (3, 4) Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. Red-shank [Red-shanks, Red shanks, Red-shank] 1876-1929 (5, 92, 156, 157, 158) Geranium robertianum L. [also reported as: Robertiella robertiana (L.) Hanks.] 1900-1929 (156, 157, 158) Polygonum amphibium L. 1913 (5) Possibly,Polygonum amphibium L. var. emersum Michx. [reported as: Persicaria amphibia (L.) S.F. Gray] 1900-1929 (5, 156, 157, 158) Polygonum hydropiper L. [also reported as: Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Opiz.] 1876-1923 (5, 92, 156, 158) Polygonum persicaria L. [also reported as: Persicaria persicaria (L.) Small.] Red-shank grape [Redshank grape] 1942 (155) Vitis aestivalis Michx.var. aestivalis [reported as: Vitis rufotomentosa Small] Red-shoot gooseberry [Redshoot gooseberry] 1942 (155) Ribes oxyacanthoides L. ssp. setosum (Lindl.) Sinnott [reported as: Ribes setosum Lindl.] Red-stalk aster [Red stalked aster, Red-stalked aster] 1876-1923 (5, 49, 92, 156, 158) Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A.& D. Löve var. puniceum [also reported as: Aster puniceus L.] Redstem [Red-stem] Present (50) Ammannia L. 1913 (5) Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. scoparium Red-stem aster [Red-stemmed aster] 1936 (93) Neb Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A.& D. Löve var. puniceum [reported as: Aster puniceus L.] Red-stem filaree [Red-stemmed filaree] 1929-1949 (109, 157) Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton Red-stem stork's-bill [Redstem stork's bill] Present (50) Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton Present (50) Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton ssp. cicutarium Red-top [Red top, Redtop] or Red-top grass [Red top grass] 1932-1936 (1, 93) Agrostis L. 1852-Present (5, 45, 50, 56, 93, 94, 109, 111, 115, 119, 122, 140, 143, 152, 155, 163) Agrostis gigantea Roth [also reported as: Agrostis alba L.] 1893-1977 (3, 21, 68, 85, 125, 138) Agrostis stolonifera L. [also reported as: Agrostis palustris Huds.] 1901 (56) IA Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. 1840 (19) Tridens flavus (L.) A.S. Hitchc. [reported as: Windsoria sesleroides Michx.] Red-top panic grass [Redtop panicgrass] Present (50) Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees Red-top sorrel 1900-1929 (156, 157, 158) Rumex acetosella L. Red-vein dock [Red veined dock] 1913 (80) IA Rumex obtusifolius L. Redweed [Red weed, Red-weed] 1923 (156) Lythrum salicaria L. 1913-1923 (5, 156) Papaver rhoeas L. 1903-1919 (5, 37, 69) Phytolacca americana L. 1876-1929 (49, 64, 71, 92, 156, 157, 158) Phytolacca americana L. var. americana [also reported as: Phytolacca decandra L.] 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) Polygonum persicaria L. [also reported as: Persicaria persicaria (L.) Small.] 1900-1929 (5, 75, 156, 157, 158) Rumex acetosella L. Red-whisker clammyweed [Redwhisker clammyweed] Present (50) Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. Present (50) Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. ssp. dodecandra Red-willow [Red willow] 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) misapplied Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1806-1906 (34, 35, 38, 76, 92) Meriwehter Lewis Cornus sericea L. 1806-1905 (35, 47, 101) Cornus sericea L. ssp. sericea [also reported as: Cornus stolonifera Michx.] Red-wood willow [Red wood willow, Redwood willow, Redwood-willow] 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) Salix fragilis L. Red-wool plantain [Redwool plantain] Present (50) Plantago eriopoda Torr. Reed [Reeds] 1918-Present (1, 50, 121, 155) Phragmites Adans. [also reported as: Phragmites Trin.] 1885-1928 (40, 56, 72, 90, 107) Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. [also reported as: Phragmites communis Trin., Phragmites phragmites (L.) Karst.] 1901-1929 (94, 157, 158) Zizania aquatica L. Reed bent grass 1818-1903 (10, 45, 66) Calamagrostis Adans. [also reported as: Deyeuxia Clarion] Reed canary or Reed canary grass [Reed canary-grass, Reed canarygrass] 1852-Present (3, 45, 50, 56, 66, 68, 85, 87, 88, 90, 92, 93, 94, 109, 111, 115, 129, 138, 143, 144, 155, 163) Phalaris arundinacea L. Reed fescue 1890-1942 (68, 94, 155) Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire [also reported as: Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Festuca elatior arundinacea (Schreb.) Hack., Festuca elatior L. var. arundinacea (Schreb.) C.F.H. Wimmer] Reed grass [Reed-grass, Reedgrass] 1932-Present (1, 50, 93, 155) Calamagrostis Adans. 1840-1932 (19, 85) Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. 1958 (116) Neb Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. var. macouniana (Vasey) Stebbins 1932 (1) Calamovilfa (Gray) Hack. ex Scribn. & Southworth 1932-1958 (85, 116) Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Scribn. 1932-1936 (1, 93) Cinna L. 1903 (66) Phragmites Adans. 1840-1937 (11, 19, 22, 45, 87, 101, 124, 129) Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. [also reported as: Arundo phragmites L., Phragmites communis Trin., Phragmites communis Trin. var. berlandieri (Fourn.) Fern., Phragmites vulgaris (Lam.) B.S.P.] 1890 (67) Phalaris arundinacea L. Reed manna grass [Reed mannagrass, Reed manna-grass] 1944 (140) CO Glyceria grandis S. Wats. Reed meadow grass [Reed meadow-grass] 1885-1903 (66, 87, 90) Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. [also reported as: Glyceria aquatica Smith] 1894-1936 (56, 72, 111, 129, 143) Glyceria grandis S. Wats. [also reported as: Panicularia americana (Torr.) MacM.] 1913 (5) Glyceria grandis S. Wats. var. grandis [reported as: Panicularia grandis (S. Wats.) Nash] Reed-grass 1900 (158) Sparganium L. Reed-mace [Reed mace, Reedmace] 1828-1900 (7, 158) Typha L. [also reported as: Typha (Tourn.) L.] 1811-1919 (2, 27, 49, 107) Typha latifolia L. Reedy cinna 1903 (66) Cinna arundinacea L. Reefort 1900 (158) Raphanus sativus L. Ref-gras (Westrogoth) 1876 (46) Lycopodium annotinum L. Reflexed meadow grass 1903 (66) Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. [reported as: Glyceria distans] Reflexed sedge 1912-Present (5, 50, 66) Carex retroflexa Muhl. Reflexed spiderwort 1907-1937 (5, 72, 97) Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. [also reported as: Tradescantia reflexa Raf.] Regal fern 1937 (124) TX Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray Rehder's Carolina rose [Rehder carolina rose] 1942 (155) Rosa carolina L. var. carolina [reported as: Rosa carolina L. var. glandulosa (Crépin) Farw.] Reimveide 1828 (7) Ligustrum vulgare L. Rein orchid Present (50) Piperia Rydb. Reipa (Anglo-Saxon) 1886 (110) Brassica rapa L. Renoncule (French) 1892-1900 (6, 158) Ranunculus acris L. Renoncule acre (French) 1828 (7) Ranunculus acris L. Renouee vulgaire (French) 1828 (7) Polygonum aviculare L. Repa or rippa (Slavic languages) 1886 (110) Brassica rapa L. Repand cheirinia 1913-1937 (5, 97) Erysimum repandum L. [also reported as: Cheirinia repanda (L.) Link.] Repo (German) 1919 (107) Brassica rapa L. var. rapa [reported as: Brassica campestris L.] Reree 1900 (158) Typha latifolia L. Reschad (Arabic) 1886 (110) Lepidium sativum L. Rescue brome 1942 (155) Bromus catharticus Vahl Rescue grass [Rescue-grass, Rescuegrass] 1852-Present (5, 45, 50, 56, 88, 94, 109, 118, 119, 122, 138, 155, 163) Bromus catharticus Vahl [also reported as: Bromus schraderi [Kunth], Bromus unioloides H.B.K.] 1912 (152) NM Festuca L. Reseda 1986 (4) Reseda lutea L. Resin bush [Resinbush] 1986-Present (4, 50) Viguiera stenoloba Blake Resinous currant 1878 (108) Ribes cereum Dougl. Resinous skullcap 1913-1986 (4, 5, 97, 155) OK Scutellaria resinosa Torr. Resurrection fern 1937 (124) TX Asplenium L. 1923-Present (3, 4, 50, 138) Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham ssp. michauxiana (Weatherby) Andrews & Windham 1986-Present (4, 50) Polypodium polypoides (L.) Watt var. michauxinaum Weath. Resurrection plant 1913 (5) Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring Reticulate-seed spurge [Reticulate seeded spurge, Reticulate-seeded spurge] 1899-1937 (5, 72, 93, 97, 131) Euphorbia spathulata Lam [also reported as: Euphorbia dictyosperma Fisch. & Meyer., Euphorbia missouriensis (Norton) Small., Tithymalus missouriensis (J.B.S. Norton) Small] Retrorse sedge 1907-1913 (5, 72) IA Carex retrorsa Schwein Reverchon's astragalus 1937 (97) OK Astragalus lotiflorus Hook [reported as: Astragalus reverchonii Gray] Reverchon's blazing star [Reverchon's blazingstar] Present (50) Mentzelia reverchonii (Urban & Gilg) Thomps. & Zavortink [reported as: Nuttallia reverchonii (Urban & Gilg) W.A. Weber] Reverchon's bristle grass [Reverchon's bristlegrass] Present (50) Setaria reverchonii (Vasey) Pilger Reverchon's false pennyroyal [Reverchon false pennyroyal] 1986-Present (4, 50) Hedeoma reverchonii Gray Reverchon's panic 1901 (94) Setaria reverchonii (Vasey) Pilger [reported as: Panicum reverchonii Vasey] Reversed clover 1977-Present (3, 50) Trifolium resuspinatum L. Rez (Polish) 1886 (110) Secale cereale L. Rhabarbarum monachorum 1552 (107) Tragus Rumex patientia L. Rhamnoide de Canada (French) 1785 (8) Shepherdia canadensis Nutt. [reported as: Hippophae canadensis W.] Rhapontic (French) 1900 (158) Rheum rhabarbarum L. [reported as: Rheum rhaponticum L.] Rhapontic rhubarb 1900 (158) Rheum rhabarbarum L. [reported as: Rheum rhaponticum L.] Rhapontic root 1876 (92) Rheum rhabarbarum L. [reported as: Rheum rhaponticum L.] Rhapontikrhabarber (German) 1900 (158) Rheum rhabarbarum L. [reported as: Rheum rhaponticum L.] Rheumatism-root [Rheumatism root] 1900-1929 (5, 64, 156, 157) Apocynum cannabinum L. 1892-1923 (6, 49, 64, 156, 158) Dioscorea villosa L. Rheumatism-weed [Rheumatism weed] 1894-1929 (75, 156, 157, 158) WV Apocynum androsaemifolium L. 1900 (158) Apocynum cannabinum L. Rhineberry [Rhine-berry] 1900-1923 (156, 158) Rhamnus cathartica L. Rhode Island bent 1949 (109) Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) B.S.P. [reported as: Agrostis tenuiflora Willd.] Rhode Island clover 1894 (75) Montpelier VT Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. [reported as: Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.] Rhoeas 1917 (57) Papaver rhoeas L. Rhombic evening primrose [Rhombic evening-primrose] 1907-1937 (5, 72, 97) Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray [also reported as: Raimannia rhombipetala (Nutt.) Rose] Rhombic-leaf sunflower [Rhombicleaf sunflower, Rhombic-leaved sunflower] 1913?-1942 (5, 155) Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) O. Spring & E. Schilling [also reported as: Helianthus subrhomboideus Rydb.] Rhubarb 1828-Present (1, 4, 7, 14, 50, 57, 92, 138, 155, 158) Rheum L. 1919-1986 (4, 85, 107, 148) Rheum rhabarbarum L. [also reported as: Rheum rhaponticum L.] Rhuddygyl maurth (Welsh) 1886 (110) Armoracia rusticana P.G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. [reported as: Cochlearia armoracia L.] Rhus coriariorum 1879 (46) Rhus glabra L. Rhus tox 1905 (54) Toxicodendron toxicarium (Salisb.) Gillis [reported as: Rhus toxicodendron L.] Rib plantain 1901 (56) IA Plantago lanceolata L. Ribbon grass [Ribbon-grass] 1852-1913 (5, 22, 46, 90, 92, 144, 158, 163) Phalaris arundinacea L. [also reported as: Digraphis arundinacea [Trin.], Phalaris arundinacea L. var. picta L., Phalaris colorata] 1840-1913 (5, 19, 92) Phalaris caroliniana Walt. [also reported as: Phalaris americana Ell.] Ribbon-leaf pondweed [Ribbonleaf pondweed] 1942-Present (50, 155) Potamogeton epihydrus Raf. Rib-grass [Rib grass, Ribgrass] 1932-1936 (1, 2, 93) Plantago L. [also reported as: Plantago (Tourn.) L.] 1896-1929 (5, 45, 62, 82, 72, 80, 92, 95, 156, 157, 158) Plantago lanceolata L. 1892-1922 (6, 49, 52, 53) Plantago major L. Rib-seed sandmat [Ribseed sandmat] Present (50) Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small Ribwort [Rib wort, rib-wort] 1840-1929 (5, 19, 62, 75, 92, 131, 156, 157, 158) Plantago lanceolata L. 1892-1922 (6, 49, 52, 53) Plantago major L. Rice corn 1919 (107) Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor [reported as: Sorghum vulgare Pers.] Rice cut grass [Rice cutgrass, Rice-cut-grass, Rice cut-grass] 1932-1936 (1, 93) Neb Leersia Sw. [also reported as: Homalocenchrus Meig.] 1852-Present (3, 5, 45, 50, 56, 90, 92, 94, 99, 111, 119, 122, 129, 155, 163) Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. [also reported as: Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll.] Rice grass [Ricegrass] 1818 (10) Leersia Sw. 1932 (85) SD Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. 1840 (19) Leersia virginica Willd. 1942-Present (50, 155) Oryzopsis Michx. Present (50) Piptatherum Beauv. Rice-field flatsedge [Ricefield flatsedge] Present (50) Cyperus squarrosus L. Rice's cousin 1896-1913 (5, 45) Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. [also reported as: Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll.] Richards' comandra [Richards comandra] 1942 (155) Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. ssp. umbellata [reported as: Comandra richardsianaO2766 Fern.] Richardson tansy-mustard [Richardson tansymustard] 1942 (155) Descurainia incana (Bernh. ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Dorn ssp. incana [reported as: Descurainia richardsonii (Sweet) O.E.Schulz] Richardson's alumroot Present (50) Heuchera richardsonii R. Br. Richardson's clasping pondweed 1907 (72) IA Potamogeton richardsonii (Benn.) Rydb. [reported as: Potamogeton perfoliatus L. var. richardsonii Benn.] Richardson's cranebill [Richardson's cranesbill, Richardson's cranes bill] 1899-1986 (4, 131) SD Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Trautv. Richardson's feather or Richardson's feather grass [Richardson's feather-grass] 1885-1903 (66, 90, 94) Achnatherum richardsonii (Link) Barkworth [also reported as: Stipa richardsonii Link] Richardson's geranium [Richardson geranium] 1942-Present (50, 155) Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Trautv. Richardson's needlegrass [Richardson needlegrass] 1942-Present (3, 50, 155) Achnatherum richardsonii (Link) Barkworth [also reported as: Stipa richardsonii Link] Richardson's pondweed Present (50) Potamogeton richardsonii (Benn.) Rydb. Richardson's rush 1913-1936 (5, 93) Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix ssp. nodulosus (Wahlenb.) Hämet-Ahti [also reported as: Juncus alpinus Vill.] Richardson's sedge 1893-Present (5, 50, 72) Carex richardsonii R. Br. Richardson's thorowort pondweed [Richardson thorowort pondweed] 1942 (155) Potamogeton richardsonii (Benn.) Rydb. [reported as: Potamogeton perfoliatus L. ssp. richardsonii (Benn.) Hultén] Richardson's wheat grass [Richardson's wheat-grass] 1901-1907 (56, 72, 94) Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. subsecundus (Link) A.& D. Löve [also reported as: Agropyron richardsonii Schrad, Agropyron richardsoni] Rich-field American waterlily [Richfield American waterlily] 1942 (155) Nymphaea odorata Aiton ssp. odorata [reported as: Nymphaea odorata Aiton var. gigantea Tricker] Richmond cherry 1930 (82) IA Prunus cerasus L. Richweed [Rich-weed] 1894-1923 (5, 75, 156) Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. [also reported as: Ageratum altissimum L., Eupatorium urticaefolium Reicherd.] 1876-1923 (5, 49, 92, 155, 156, 158) Ambrosia trifida L. 1869 (29) Lactuca canadensis L. [reported as: Sonchus canadensis] 1932 (1) Pilea Lindl. 1806-1942 (5, 35, 155, 156) Pilea pumila (L.) Gray 1840-1907 (19, 72, 92, 158) Pilea pumila (L.) Gray var. pumila [also reported as: Adicea pumila (L.) Raf., Urtica pumila] Richwoods sedge Present (50) Carex oligocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd. Riddell's goldenrod [Riddell's golden-rod, Riddell goldenrod] 1907-Present (5, 50, 72, 155) Oligoneuron riddellii (Frank ex Riddell) Rydb. [also reported as: Solidago riddellii Frank.] Riddell's groundsel [Riddell groundsel] 1942 (155) Senecio riddellii Torr. & Gray [also reported as: Senecio riddelli] Riddell's ragwort [Riddell ragwort] 1926-Present (3, 4, 50, 98) Senecio riddellii Torr. & Gray Riddell's senecio 1913-1937 (5, 93, 97) Senecio riddellii Torr. & Gray Ridell's dozedaisy Present (50) Aphanostephus riddellii Torr. & Gray Ridge-seed euphorbia [Ridgeseed euphorbia] 1942 (155) Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small [reported as: Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm.] Ridge-seed spurge [Ridge-seeded spurge] 1899-1937 (3, 4, 5, 72, 93, 97, 98, 131) Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm.] Rie 1882 (14) Secale cereale L. Rièbel (French) 1900 (158) Galium aparine L. Riely 1900-1929 (157, 158) Lolium temulentum L. Rigid goldenrod 1876-1986 (3, 4, 92) Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. rigidum [also reported as: Solidago rigida L.] Rigid sedge Present (50) Carex tetanica Schkuhr Rigid tick-trefoil [Rigid tick trefoil] 1907-1913 (5, 72) Desmodium obtusum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. [also reported as: Meibomia rigida (Ell.) Kuntze] Rignum 1913-1923 (5, 156) Monarda punctata L. Rillscale 1977 (3) Endolepis dioica (Nutt.) Standl. [reported as: Atriplex dioica (Nutt.) Macbr.] Rim ash 1900-1913 (5, 156, 158) misapplied Celtis occidentalis L. Ring grass [Ring-grass, Ringgrass] 1852-1944 (119, 122, 140, 163) Muhlenbergia torreyi (Kunth) A.S. Hitchc. ex Bush Ring muhly 1942-Present (50, 140, 155) Muhlenbergia torreyi (Kunth) A.S. Hitchc. ex Bush Ring willow [Ring-willow] 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) Salix ×pendulina Wenderoth [babylonica × fragilis] or Salix ×sepulcralis Simonkai [alba × babylonica] Ring-grass muhly [Ringgrass muhly] 1977 (3) Muhlenbergia torreyi (Kunth) A.S. Hitchc. ex Bush Ringwing 1942 (155) Cycloloma Moq. Ripple 1894 (75) WV Plantago lanceolata L. Ripple plantain 1840-1937 (5, 19, 97, 156) Plantago lanceolata L. Ripple-grass [Ripple grass] 1840-1923 (5, 19, 62, 92, 156, 157, 158) old english name Plantago lanceolata L. 1898-1919 (49, 52) Plantago major L. Ripple-seed plantain [Rippleseed plantain] 1942 (155) Plantago major L. River alder 1932 (1) Alnus incana (L.) Moench ssp. rugosa (DuRoi) Clausen [reported as: Alnus tenuifolia Nutt.] River ash 1913-1923 (5, 156) Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. River avens 1923 (156) Geum rivale L. River birch 1900-Present (1, 3, 4, 5, 50, 72, 93, 97, 107, 109, 124, 137, 138, 155, 156, 158) Betula nigra L. River broomrape Present (50) Orobanche riparia Collins River bulrush 1907-Present (3, 50, 72, 155, 156) Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torr.) M.T. Strong [also reported as: Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray] River club-rush [River club rush] 1894-1923 (5, 129, 156) Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torr.) M.T. Strong [also reported as: Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray] River cottonwood 1932 (1, 85) Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. ssp. monilifera (Aiton) Eckenwalder [also reported as: Populus sargentii Dode.] River grape 1828-1932 (2, 7) Vitis riparia Michx. River grass [Rivergrass] 1942-Present (50, 155) Scolochloa Link [also reported as: Fluminia] River locust [River-locust] 1896-1929 (5, 76, 97, 106, 112, 156, 157, 158) misapplied (156) Amorpha fruticosa L. River maple 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) Acer saccharinum L. River poplar 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. River ragweed 1923 (156) Ambrosia trifida L. River rush 1903 (66) Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torr.) M.T. Strong [reported as: Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray] River walnut 1937 (122) TX Juglans microcarpa Berl. var. microcarpa [reported as: Juglans rupestris Engelm.] River willow 1857-1942 (20, 155) Salix interior Rowlee [also reported as: Salix fluviatilis Nutt.] Riverbank anemone 1942 (155) Anemone virginiana L. [reported as: Anemone riparia Fern.] Riverbank dogbane 1907 (64) Apocynum cannabinum L. [reported as: Apocynum album Greene] River-bank grape [Riverbank grape, River bank grape] 1919-Present (3, 4, 50, 107, 155) Vitis riparia Michx. 1895-1923 (15, 138, 142, 156) Vitis vulpina L. River-bank willow [River bank willow, Riverbank willow] 1900-1937 (5, 93, 97, 156, 158) Salix interior Rowlee [also reported as: Salix fluviatilis Nutt., Salix longifolia Muhl.] Riverbush [River bush, River-bush] 1900 (5, 156, 157, 158) Cephalanthus occidentalis L. River-side frost grape [Riverside frost-grape] 1852 (47) Vitis riparia Michx. River-side grape [Riverside grape] 1899-1923 (5, 72, 131, 156, 158) Vitis vulpina L. River-side tobacco [Riverside tobacco] 1900 (158) Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass River-side wheatgrass [River-side wheat-grass] 1901 (94) Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Gould [reported as: Agropyron riparium Scribner & J. G. Smith] Riverweed [River-weed] 1923 (156) Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton ex Kearney [reported as: Actinomeris alternifolia (L.) DC.] Roadside agrimony 1942-Present (50, 155) Agrimonia striata Michx. Roadside blue-eyed grass Present (50) Sisyrinchium langloisii Greene Roadside pepper-grass [Roadside pepper grass] 1913 (5) Lepidium ruderale L. Roadside pepperweed Present (50) Lepidium ruderale L. Roadside thistle 1899-1986 (4, 62, 131, 156) Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill [also reported as: Carduus altissimus L., Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng] Roadside thistle [Roadside-thistle] 1900-1923 (5, 156, 158) Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. [also reported as: Carduus lanceolatus L., Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Hill.] Roadweed 1893 (21) Ambrosia bidentata Michx. Roanoke bells 1913-1923? (5, 156) obsolete by 1923 Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link [also reported as: Mertensia virginica (L.) DC. (Possibly, Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link)] Robert geranium Present (50) Geranium robertianum L. Robert's plantain 1828-1923 (5, 7, 19, 92, 156, 158) Erigeron pulchellus Michx. [also reported as: Erigeron bellidifolium Muhl.] Roberts root 1828 (7) Packera obovata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [reported as: Jacobea obovata] Robinier (French) 1892-1900 (6, 158) Robinia pseudoacacia L. [also reported as: Robinia pseudacacia L., Robinia pseudo-acacia L.] Robin-run-ahead 1896 (76) Sulphur Grove OH Galium L. Robin-run-away [Robin-runaway, Robin run away] 1828-1923 (5, 7, 73, 92, 156, 157, 158) misapplied Glechoma hederacea L. [also reported as: Nepeta glechoma Benth., Nepeta hederacea (L.) Trevisan] Robin-run-in-the-hedge 1876-1900 (92, 158) Glechoma hederacea L. [also reported as: Nepeta glechoma Benth.] Robin-running-in-the-hedge 1929 (157) Glechoma hederacea L. Robin's plantain [Robin plantain] 1895-Present (2, 3, 4, 5, 50, 63, 72, 97, 122, 131, 156, 158) Erigeron pulchellus Michx. [also reported as: Erigeron bellidifolius Muhl.] Robust Canada wild rye [Robust Canada wildrye] 1942 (155) Elymus canadensis L. [reported as: Elymus canadensis L. var. robustus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Mackenzie & Bush] Robust euphorbia 1942 (155) Euphorbia brachycera Engelm. [reported as: Euphorbia robusta (Engelm.) Small] Robust lyme grass 1901 (56) IA Elymus canadensis L. [reported as: Elymus robustus Scribn. & J.G. Sm.] Rock brake 1828-1840 (7, 19, 49, 92, 158) misapplied Polypodium virginianum L. [also reported as: Polypodium vulgare L.] Rock brake [Rock-brake, Rockbrake] 1900-1949 (1, 109, 138, 155, 158) Cryptogramma R. Br. 1840-1913 (5, 19, 48, 49, 61, 72, 92) Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link [also reported as: Pteris atropupurea L.] Rock buttercup Present (50) Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. Rock clematis Present (50) Clematis columbiana (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray var. columbiana Rock crowfoot [Rock crow foot] 1913-1937 (5, 97) Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. Rock dandelion Present (50) Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. Rock dropseed [Rock drop-seed, Rock-dropseed] 1852-1938 (5, 99, 119, 163) Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. Rock elm 1890-1929 (5, 113, 156, 157, 158) misapplied Ulmus americana L. 1900-1929 (5, 156, 157, 158) Ulmus rubra Muhl. [also reported as: Ulmus fulva Michx] 1895-Present (1, 3, 4, 5, 37, 50, 82, 85, 93, 95, 109, 130, 138, 155, 156, 157, 158) Ulmus thomasii Sargent [also reported as: Ulmus racemosa D. Thomas] Rock fern 1828-1929 (7, 92, 157, 158) Adiantum pedatum L. Rock-geranium [Rock geranium] 1923 (156) Heuchera americana L. Rock goldenrod [Rock golden-rod] 1913-1923 (5, 156) Solidago canadensis L. Rock grape 1895-1919 (15, 107) Vitis rupestris Scheele Rock-jasmine [Rockjasmine] 1905-Present (50, 101, 155) Androsace L. Rock larkspur 1923-1942 (138, 155) Delphinium tricorne Michx. Rock-lily [Rock lily, Rock lilies] 1900-1929 (5, 157, 158) Aquilegia canadensis L. 1913 (5) Pulsatilla patens (L.) P. Mill. 1896 (76) WI Pulsatilla patens (L.) P. Mill. ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels [reported as: Anemone patens L. var. nuttalliana (DC.) Gray] Rock maple 1840-1919 (2, 19, 92, 107) Acer saccharinum L. 1895-1949 (5, 15, 109, 131, 135, 156, 158) Acer saccharum Marsh. Rock-moss [Rock moss] 1896-1923 (5, 76, 97, 156, 158) Sedum pulchellum Michx. Rock muhlenbergia 1852-1901 (56, 163) Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. Rock muhly 1942-Present (3, 50, 155) Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. Rock phlox 1926 (98) Neb Possibly,Phlox andicola E. Nels. [reported as: Phlox andicola Nutt. ex Gray] Rock pine 1894-1913 (5, 32, 75) Pinus banksiana Lamb. 1930-1932 (1, 136) SD Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson var. scopulorum Engelm. [also reported as: Pinus scopulorum (Engelman.) Lemmon.] Rock-pink [Rock pink] 1900 (158) Talinum Adans. 1896-1986 (4, 5, 76, 156, 158) Talinum calycinum Engelm. Rock plant [Rock-plant] 1913-1923 (5, 156) Sedum acre L. Rock polypody 1869-Present (49, 50, 58, 92) Polypodium virginianum L. [also reported as: Polypodium vulgare L.] 1878 (86) misapplied