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University of Nebraska–Lincoln

Special Education & Communication Disorders

College of Education & Human Sciences

Cress Presentations

Examples of Communication ProgressThrough Other Short-Term Goals
Long Term Goal: Choice Making with 2 Symbols

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Spontaneous Requesting Behaviors

Initiates signals about many kinds of distant objects
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Initiates signals about distant objects/people
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Initiates signals about present objects; anticipates desired response
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Initiates signals spontaneously towards people
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Initiates signals spontaneously towards objects
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Broadens cued or situational signals to more activities
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Aaron increases production of clearer signals in structured situations
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We model conventional signals with cues in structured activities
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We structure activities and Aaron responds behaviorally and we react
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We respond to Aaron's behaviors that we observe within activities
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Preference Signaling and Choices

Distinguishes between preferred and nonpreferred choices
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Anticipates two possible choices
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Anticipates sequential choices 

(one choice at at time)

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Make choices in anticipation
(single choices)

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Expands signals to more routines
(single choice level)

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Initiates deliberate signals within familiar routines (e.g., "all done" in food situations)
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We model clearer preference signals for single concrete situations within immediate feedback
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Predictable spontaneous behaviors with adult feedback under certain routines (calm, push away, smile, laugh, reach)

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Exposure to Object 
(and Boardmaker) Symbols

Distinguishes different meanings for different symbols
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Requests with different symbols across activities
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Examines more than one object symbol before choosing
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Spontaneously initiates requesting one picture or object symbol
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Responds meaningfully to picture at a distance from object
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Responds meaningfully to pictured symbol if attached to object symbol
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Reaches for or gives object symbol to request activity
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Reaches for object symbols to anticipate or reinforce activity
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Anticipates activity when presented with object symbol, if activity not present
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Indicates recognition of familiar object symbols within activity when presented
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Tolerates object symbol exposure: anticipates present activity

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Tolerates exposure to picture and/or object symbols to reinforce current activity
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* May be vision limited

Contact for information:
Cynthia J. Cress
, Ph.D., CCC-SLP

202G Barkley Memorial Center

University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0732

Phone: (402) 472-4431

Fax: 472-7697

Email: ccress1@unl.edu