Are international students in F-1 and J-1 Status required to be enrolled full-time every semester?
      Yes. Every fall and spring semester they must be enrolled full-time (12 credit hours for undergraduates and 9 credit hours for graduates). They are not required to be enrolled in the summer unless they are beginning or completing their program in the summer.

Can international students be underenrolled for any reason?
      Yes. However, pursuant to immigration regulations there are a limited number of reasons. All exceptions must be approved prior to under enrollment by the academic advisor and International Student & Scholar Services. The Certification for Reduced Course Load for F-1 Students and Academic Advisor Certification J-1 Classification forms are available for download.

Cultivated foods were traded for coastal products. Planned communities, monumental architecture, and cultural elaboration were innovations that accompanied the emergence of this early civilization. The information from these ancient sites is so new that the culture has not yet been named. At this point, it is known from its region, Norte Chico. More information can be found at the project website http://www.fieldmuseum.org/PANC/default.htm.
     Part of the information regarding diet was recovered by Luis Huaman Mesia and Karl Reinhard as they taught a class in Paleonutrition at the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia in Lima, Peru. Reinhard is a professor in the School of Natural Resources. In addition, UNL alumnus Pedro Tapia joined the instruction team. Professor Reinhard's participation was funded by the Fulbright Senior Specialists Program. The class attracted 30 students, some of whom worked on dietary residues from the ancient Norte Chico sites. Other students worked with remains from later cultures in Peru and earlier cultures in Chile.
     The class curriculum addressed a variety of archaeological methods. The students recovered and analyzed pollen grains, starch grainules, phytoliths, diatoms, seeds, fibers, root tissue, and fish bone. To cover all of this material, the class met six days a week and up to 12 hours per day. By the end of the course, the class covered what Professor Reinhard normally teaches in three semester-long courses at UNL.
     After 5,000 years, the preservation of plant remains was very bad. But the students were eventually able to recovered significant information as the professors taught them refined analysis methods. Eventually, the Norte Chico macroscopic analysis revealed a chili pepper known as Aji (Capsicum). Starch analysis recovered evidence of another genus, Solanum, which includes the potato. Pollen analysis revealed more Solanum and in addition a related genus, Lycianthes. Thus, multiple lines of analysis increases the diversity of identifiable plants. Maize starch was found. The evidence of maize is noteworthy. There is no evidence of maize in pollen analysis or macroscopic analysis. However, starch analysis shows that maize was a common dietary component. Almost as common as maize were seeds of guava.
     The main dietary components suggest that the PANC inhabitants obtained most protein from the ocean in the form of anchovies, most starch from cultivated maize, most sugar from guayaba (guava). The largest component is fiber, unidentifiable to species at this point in time.
     The minor dietary components are diverse and reflect a broad-spectrum subsistence strategy. Mollusks augmented fish as a protein source. Possibly sweet potato, potato, manioc and an Andean tuber known as arracacha augmented maize as starch sources. Aji chili peppers, squash, and perhaps tomato were part of the diet. Grains from chenopodium and grass were eaten. Finally, legumes including cultivated beans and perhaps wild algarrobal, similar to mesquite, were eaten. In conclusion, the Norte Chico sediment samples, despite preservation problems, have a high information potential regarding diet.
     The Fulbright Senior Specialists program is increasing popular among faculty. The program funds a great variety of international activities. Further information can be found at http://www.cies.org/specialists/ and through the UNL Fulbright Office, (International Affairs, 420 University Terrace).

During the complicated history that followed the defeat of the Serbs in 1389, it has often seemed that freedom and prosperity are not possible in the Balkans.
      Despite such pessimism, the Kosovo Institute for Journalism and Communication was established in 2005 to offer hope. Its mission was based on a commitment to five freedoms:
     - Freedom of speech,
     - Freedom of the press,
     - Freedom of religion,
     - Freedom of assembly, and
     - Freedom to petition the government
     At the first graduation ceremony last Nov. 26, Dr. Terry Threadgold, provost at Cardiff University, described how she and her colleagues teamed with faculty from Norway's Gimlekollen School of Journalism and Communication at the founding of KIJAC.
     While the College of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln is a recent partner in KIJAC, Nebraska has been working with Gimlekollen for nearly a decade.
     Our contact person was Oyvind Aadland, the former director of international studies at Gimlekollen. He was a graduate of Wheaton Graduate School when my father was dean of that school. The founder of the Gimlekollen School of Journalism and Communication patterned the Norwegian program on the model Wheaton had developed in journalism and communication.
     In 1999, Dr. Aadland visited my father at his home in North Carolina and asked him to suggest a journalism program in the United States with which Gimlekollen could be associated. My father said Nebraska was the only journalism and communication school with which he was acquainted.
     Dr. Aadland asked Knut Sigurd, then president of Gimlekollen, to invite my father and me to Kristiansand, Norway, to visit the school. That visit led to Sigurd's and Kaare Melhus's attending a Freedom Forum conference in London in 2000 and renewing contacts with Keith Bowers and John Owen, two distinguished teachers in the Gimlekollen network, which includes schools in London, South Africa,Wales, Oslo, Kristiansand and Lincoln.
     Gimlekollen is part of an organization that was formed as a result of the experiences of Hans Nielsen Hauge, a Norwegian farmer who lived during the late 1700s and early 1800s. He was arrested for his religious beliefs, for printing and speaking about those religious religious beliefs, for printing and speaking about those religious beliefs and for meeting to discuss those beliefs.
     His charisma helped spark the economic rise of the peasant class and the formation of a constitution that Resulted in freedom of expression in Norway.
     Hauge was a major player in a new day for Norway.
     Clearly, none of us knows whether there will be a new day for Kosovo and the Balkans. However, the optimism of our Norwegian friends should be an encouragement.
     Their optimism is based on those five individual freedoms.
     The future of those freedoms will depend on the knowledge and skills of people like the first graduates of KIJAC.
     We congratulated the graduates on this milestone in their lives.
     We celebrated their accomplishment with their families.
     We reminded them of the hope of commitment to the five freedoms we cherish.
     And as we looked out over that graduating class, we wondered which of them may be the Hans Nielsen Hauge of the Balkans.

Robert N. Klein (Extension Cropping Systems Spe"Spray droplet size and how it is affected by pesticide formulation, concentrations, carriers, nozzle tips, pressure and additives" co-authored by Jeffrey Golus and Amanda Cox at The International Advances in Pesticide Application Conference. This conference was held January 9-11, 2008 at Robinson College in Cambridge, United Kingdom .

Dr. Donald Wilhite (Director of the School of Natural Resources) served as one of the primary lecturers at a short course on drought mitigation and planning in Zaragoza, Spain, in early February. Dr. Wilhite helped to organize this short course that was sponsored by the Mediterranean Institute of Agronomy which has four campuses in the Mediterranean region.