Management OptionsCanopy closure reduces forage production as timber stands mature. In fact, in many ecosystems, when canopy cover exceeds 30 to 50 percent, forage production is curtailed to the point where grazing domestic livestock may not be economically feasible. One method of dealing with fluctuating forage production is through designed thinning (removal or harvest of some of the trees to maintain the desired canopy and competition level). Another method is planting fewer trees initially, which increases the period for canopy closure to occur. Row arrangements significantly impact space and canopy closure, which affect forage production. With proper management, a silvopastoral system can benefit the landowner, the land, and livestock all at the same time.
Self pruning will occur on a 6- by 12-footplanting arrangement. Periodic thinnings are needed to maintain forage production. However,forage production will fluctuate with tree density. Timely thinnings of original 6- by 12-foot stand to a final stand of 75 trees per acre ensures more consistent forage production.
Single rows are spaced 40 or more feet apart. Pruning is required to produce quality trees. Forage production is easier to maintain. Trees are planted in closely spaced, 3-row sets with wide spacing between sets. Outside rows are "trainers" and help self prune inside rows. Outside rows are removed for pulp; inside rows are managed for higher quality saw logs.
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Last updated 12.12.2000.
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