This work is part of a comprehensive, interdisciplinary effort to develop a scientific basis for planning agroforestry buffers. Funding for this effort was provided through the USDA National Agroforestry Center which is part of the USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station, and The University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry under cooperative agreements AG-02100251 with Agricultural Research Service (ARS) - Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center at Booneville, AR and CR 826704-01-0 with US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).