An Annotated and Indexed Bibliography of the world literature,
including buffer strips and interactions with hyporheic zones and floodplains
by Dave Correll
3970 N. Timucua Point
Crystal River, FL 34428 USA
Thirteenth Edition, April 2003
The goal of this document is to comprehensively cite and subject index the World literature on vegetated stream riparian zone water quality effects. The scope of the bibliography has been expanded to include literature on hyporheic zone and floodplain/stream channel interactions. Buffer strip research is also included, since these studies seem easily transferable. Unless denoted by an asterisk, each citation has been obtained, studied for content, and cross-indexed for other relevant citations. Only publications which were readily obtained through a research library system were included. Publications on tidaly-influenced wetlands and exclusively lake riparian zones were excluded.
In order to make this goal tenable I have established somewhat arbitrary, but fairly rigid boundaries for relevant subject matter. Studies of all types of vegetation were included; forest, grass, herbaceous. Relevant studies include influences on water quality of inputs of surface and groundwater from the uplands and interactive effects among the water in the channel, the hyporheic zone, and the floodplain. Water quality includes concentrations of nutrients, suspended sediments, dissolved and particulate organic matter, pH, metals, and pesticides of all types. Studies of large woody debris are specifically excluded. Also excluded are studies of the application of municipal sewage and industrial/mining effluent to riparian zones. However, studies were included of effects on agricultural wastewater and a limited number of studies on urban or suburban drainage waters. I have excluded riparian vegetation habitat effects, both terrestrial and aquatic, and in-stream processes such as productivity, nutrient cycling/spiraling, water temperature, and channel morphology.
All citations except for those of student theses have brief annotations to help identify the aspects of these studies, which are particularly relevant. They are also coded for subject matter as listed below.
While these subject codes are not comprehensive, they cover many of the topics relevant to this bibliography. The materials in this bibliography will be maintained in an MS Word computer file, which can be searched for individual or combinations of factors for special interests of users. Obviously, it can also be updated periodically. I hope it will be a useful research and management tool for everyone interested in this topic. You should feel free to download this complete file onto your PC and proceed to conduct your own subject searches. If you are aware of relevant literature not included in this edition, please send a copy to me or E-mail the citation (dcorrell@tampabay.rr.com).
4. Alberts, E.E., W.H. Neibling and W.C. Moldenhauer (1981) Transport of sediment nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff through cornstalk residue strips. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 45:1177-1184. Used Rainfall Simulator to Meaure Removal of Total Nitrogen and Available Particulate Phosphate by Experimental Plots. Examined Particle Size Effects and Used a Flume to Measure Overland Flow Volumes. D; OF; TN; PPP
5. Altier, L.S., R.R. Lowrance, R.G. Williams, J.M. Sheridan, D.D. Bosch, W.C. Hubbard, W.C. Mills and D.L. Thomas (1994) An ecosystem model for the management of riparian areas. Pp.373-387, In: Riparian Ecosystems in the Humid U.S., Functions, Values and Management. Wash., D.C.: Natl. Assoc. Conserv. Districts. Description of a Model Under Development for a Riparian Vegetative Buffer System. Includes Hydrology, Nutrient Dynamics, Nutrient Storage in Woody Plant Biomass. Presents Results of Preliminary Hydrologic Calibrations in a Georgia Coastal Plain Site. OF; GW; ET; BioStor; Flux; NutCyc; CP
6. Altman, S.J. and R.R. Parizek (1994) Evaluation of nitrate removal from groundwater in the riparian zone. Pp.277-290, In: Riparian Ecosystems in the Humid U.S., Functions, Values and Management., (ed). Wash., D.C.: Natl. Assoc. Conserv. Districts. Measured 3- Dimensional Groundwater Flow Paths Based on Pressure Differentials of Flows From Cropland Through a Forested Area to a Stream and Attempted to Relate Nitrate Concentrations. D; F; MT; GW; NIT
7. Altman, S.J. and R.R. Parizek (1995) Dilution of nonpoint-source nitrate in groundwater. J. Environ. Qual. 24(4): 707-718. Movement of Groundwater was Measured in two Dimensions and Changes in Nitrate and other Nutrients was Related to Dilution from other Groundwater. D; F; GW; MT; NIT; DAM; DTKN; K; DTP; TS
8. Alvord, H.H. and R.H. Kadlec (1996) Atrazine fate and transport in the Des Plaines wetlands. Ecol. Model. 90(1): 97-107. Studied import and export of dissolved atrazine in three Des Plaines River floodplain constructed wetlands for one growing season. Calibrated simulation models for atrazine transport and degradation. D; H; HERB; MBal
9. Amador, J.A., A.M. Glucksman, J.B. Lyons and J.H. Gorres (1997) Spatial distribution of soil phosphatase activity within a riparian forest. Soil Sci. 162:808-825. Examined phosphatase activity along transects through riparian forest. Activity increased with organic content and moisture content of soils. D, F, Al, Fe, pH, PPP, PTP
10. Ambus, P. (1993) Control of denitrification enzyme activity in a streamside soil. FEMS Microbial Ecol. 102:225-234. Soil Concentrations of Denitrification Enzymes and Potential Denitrification Rates in Surface and Subsoils. D; H; NIT; Denit-L
11. Ambus, P. and S. Christensen (1993) Denitrification variability and control in a riparian fen irrigated with agricultural drainage water. Soil Biol. Biochem. 25:915-923. Measured Denitrification Potential and Nitrate Removal in a Fen Receiving Agricultural Drainage Waters. D; NIT; DOM; Denit-L; G
12. Ambus, P. and R. Lowrance (1991) Comparison of denitrification in two riparian soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:994-997. Vertical Profiles of Potential Denitrification in Soils. D; F; 1st & 2nd Order; CP; NIT; Denit-L
13. Anbumozhi, V. and E. Yamaji (2002) Watershed level evaluation of water quality change in riparian forest areas. Pp. 304-310 In: R. Hatano, U. Mander, Y. Hayakawa, V. Kuusemets, Y. Watanabe and K. Kanazawa (eds.), Efficiency of Purification Processes in Riparian Buffer Zones, Their Design and Planning in Agricultural Watersheds, Natl. Agric. Res. Center Hokkaido Region, Kushiro, Japan. Water quality in various reaches of streams in Hokkaido, Japan; Indonesia; and India were correlated with physiographic features including the presence or absence of riparian forest. D, F, GW, NIT
14. Anderson, N.H. and J.R. Sedell (1979) Detritus processing by macroinvertebrates in stream ecosystems. Ann. Rev. Ent. 24:351-377. A Broad Review of Stream Detritus Dynamics, Including a Section on Inputs From Forest. R
15. Armour, C., D. Duff and W. Elmore (1994) The effects of livestock grazing on western riparian and stream ecosystem. Fisheries 19(9):9-12. A brief review and a position paper for the American Fisheries Society. R
16. Arora, K., S.K. Mickelson, J.L. Baker, D.P. Tierney and C.J. Peters (1996) Herbicide retention by vegetative buffer strips from runoff under natural rainfall. Trans. Am. Soc. Agr. Eng. 39:2155-2162. Measured volume of overland flows from cornfields and TSS and dissolved and particulate atrazine, metolachlor, and cyanazine concentrations in six summer storm events during two years. D, G, OF, HERB, TSS, Infil, Mbal, SedTrap
17. Asmussen, L.E., A.W. White, E.W. Hansen and J.M. Sheridan (1977) Reduction in 2,4-D load in surface runoff down a grassed waterway. J. Environ. Qual. 6:159-162. Measured Transport of 2,4-D from Cropland Through Grass Buffer. Used Rainfall Simulator. D; G; OF; HERB; CP
18. Aubertin, G.M. and J.H. Patric (1974) Water quality after clear cutting a small watershed in West Virginia. J. Environ. Qual. 3:243-249. Effects of Watershed Clearcutting, but Retaining a Forested Buffer. D; F; 2nd Order; MT; GW; NIT; DPP
19. Axt, J.R. and M.R. Walbridge (1999) Phosphate removal capacity of palustrine forested welands and adjacent uplands in Virginia. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63:1019-1031. D, F, CP, PT, Al, DPP, Fe, POM
20. Baker, C.J. and E. Maltby (1995) Nitrate removal by river marginal wetlands: Factors affecting the provision of a suitable denitrification environment. Pp. 291-313, In: Hydrology and Hydrochemistry of British Wetlands, J.M.R. Hughes and A.L. Heathwaite (eds.). London: Wiley. A review of riparian zone nitrate removal and a case study in North Devon. Measured soil composition and redox potential along transects. Measured nitrate concentrations at various flumes before and after passing through meadow wetlands. D; R; G; NIT; OF; GW
21. Baker, J.L., S.K. Mickelson, J.L. Hatfield, R.S. Fawcett, D.W. Hoffman, T.G. Franti, C.J. Peter and D.P. Tierney (1995) Reducing herbicide runoff: role of best management practices. Brighton Crop Protection Conference � Weeds pp. 479-487. A brief review. R, HERB
22. Baker, L.A. (1992) Introduction to nonpoint source pollution in the United States and prospects for wetland use. Ecol. Engin. 1:1-26. Review of Status of Nonpoint Source Pollution Nationally. Use of Wetlands to Control Nonpoint Pollution. R; TSS; PTP; PTN; HERB; SedTrap
23. Baker, M.A., C.N. Dahm and H.M. Valett (1999) Acetate retention and metabolism in the hyporheic zone of a mountain stream. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44:1530-1539. Measured concentrations of acetate, nitrate, and sulfate in various groundwater wells after injecting acetate into one well. D, GW, HZ, TS, MT, NIT, DOM
24. Baker, M.A., C.N. Dahm, H.M. Valett, J.A. Morrice, K.S. Henry, M.E. Campana and G.J. Wroblicky (1994) Spatial and temporal variation in methane distribution at the gound water/surface water interface in headwater catchments. Pp. 29-37 in: Proc. Second Internatl. Conf. Ground Water Ecology. J.A. Stanford and H.M. Valett (Eds.), Amer. Water Resourc. Assoc., Herndon, VA. Measured methane concentrations dissolved in groundwater surfacing into three streams. D; 1st order; GW; HZ; MT
25. Baker, M.A., H.M. Valett and C.N. Dahm (2000) Organic carbon supply and metabolism in a shallow groundwater ecosystem. Ecology 81:3133-3148. Studied stream chemistry and incubated sediment cores from the flood plain with various additions of organic matter and mineral nutrients, then measured metabolic rate. D, F, 1st Order, MT, HZ,GW, DOM, POM, DAM, NIT, DPP
26. Ballweber, J.A., D. Parisi and J.R. Steil (2000) Riparian management�s role within a basin-scale management partnership. Pp. 463-468 in: Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. P.J. Wigington Jr. and R.L. Beschta (Eds.), Amer. Water Resourc. Assoc., Middleburg, VA. Used GIS to create an integrated voluntary management system for the Pearl River watershed in MS. M
27. Barfield, B.J., E.W. Tollner and J.C. Hayes (1979) Filtration of sediment by simulated vegetation I. Steady-state flow with homogeneous sediment. Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric. Engin. 22(3):540-545, 548. Engineering Model Results for Sediment Trapping in Grassed Buffers. D; G; OF; TSS; SedTrap
28. Barfield, B.J., R.L. Blevins, A.W. Fogle, C.E. Madison, S. Inamdar, D.I. Carey and V.P. Evangelou (1998) Water quality impacts of natural filter strips in karst areas. Trans. Am. Soc. Agr. Eng. 41:371-381. Measured volumes of overland flows for two storms from croplands through grassed filter strips and concentrations of TSS, atrazine, total-P, nitrate and ammonium entering and leaving strips. D, G, OF, MT, HERB, NIT, PAM, PTP, TSS, Infil, SedTrap
29. Barker, J.C. and B.A. Young (1984) Evaluation of a Vegetative Filter for Dairy Wastewater in Southern Appalachia. Raleigh, NC: Water Resources Res. Inst. UNC, pp. 69 pp. A Grass Filter Strip was Treated with Effluent from a Milking Center Settling Pond. Discharge from the Filter Strip was Measured with a Flume and Automatic Sampler. D; G; OF; NIT; DAM; PTKN; DOM; PTP
30. Barling, R.D. and I.D. Moore (1994) Role of buffer strips in management of waterway pollution: A review. Environ. Management. 18(4):543-558. A broad review including grass buffer strips. R
31. Barrington, M., D. Wolf and K. Diebel (2001) Analyzing riparian site capability and management options. J. Am. Water Resourc. Assoc. 37(6):1665-1678. Details of a method for assessing riparian potentials using GIS data and field surveys. M
32. Basnyat, P., L.D. Teeter, K.M. Flynn and B.G. Lockaby (1996) Non-point source pollution and watershed land uses: A conceptual framework for modeling the management of non-point source pollution. Pp. 103-109, In: Proc. Southern Forested Wetlands Ecology and Management Conference, K.M. Flynn (ed.). Consort. Res. Southern Forested Wetlands, Clemson University, Clemson, SC. Used a ranking system to characterize subwatersheds based upon land use, forested buffers, and water quality. M; F; CP; NIT; DPP
33. Basnyat, P., L.D. Teeter, and K.M. Flynn (1999) Relationships between landscape characteristics and nonpoint source pollution inputs to coastal estuaries. Environ. Manage. 23:539-549. Used GIS-linked models to relate land cover in the basin, the contributing zone, and the riparian zone to water quality in streams of the Fish River. D, M, F, CP, NIT, TSS
34. Basnyat, P., L.D. Teeter, B.G. Lockaby and K.M. Flynn (2000) The use of remote sensing and GIS in watershed level analyses of non-point pollution problems. Forest Ecol. Manage. 128:65-73. Used GIS-linked models to relate land cover to nitrate in streams of the Fish River. D, M, F, CP, NIT
35. Batten, T.J. (1999) Hydrologic flow paths control dissolved organic carbon fluxes and metabolism in an alpine stream hyporheic zone. Water Resourc. Res. 36:3159-3169.
36. Beadle, L.C. (1932) Scientific results of the Cambridge expedition to east African lakes, 1930-1. IV. The waters of some east African lakes in relation to their fauna and flora. J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 38:157- 211. Measured Total Phosphorus Concentrations in the Chambura River Channel Above and Below an Extensive Papyrus Swamp, Which the River Flowed Through. D; H; TP
37. Beare, M.H., R.R. Lowrance and J.L. Meyer (1994) Biotic regulation of NO3 depletion in a Coastal Plain riparian forest: Experimental approach and preliminary results. Pp. 388-397, In: Riparian Ecosystems in the Humid U.S., Functions, Values and Management. Wash., D.C.: Natl. Assoc. Conserv. Districts. Riparian Soil Cores Were Studied for Microbial and Root Biomass, and Denitrification Potentials. D; F; G; CP; NIT; BioStor; Denit-L
38. Bechtold, S., R.T. Edwards and R.J. Naiman (2001) * Biotic versus hydrologic control over seasonal nitrate leaching in a flood-plain forest. Biogeochem.
39. Beeson, C.E. and P.F. Doyle (1995) Comparison of bank erosion at vegetated and non-vegetated channel bends. Water Resour. Bull. 31(6):983-990. Studied effects of a major flood on bank erosion in four stream reaches in British Columbia, with and without riparian forest. R; F
40. Belksy, A.J., A. Matzke and S. Uselman (1999) Survey of livestock influences on stream and riparian ecosystems in the western United States. J. Soil & Water Conserv. 54:419-431. An in depth review. R
41. Bencala, K.E. and R.A. Walters (1983) Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream: A transient storage model. Water Resourc. Res. 19(3):718-724. Developed a new model for exchange with hyporheic zone. D; HZ; TS
42. Bencala, K.E., V.C. Kennedy, G.W. Zellweger, A.P. Jackman and R.J. Avanzino (1984) Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment 1. An experimental analysis of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream. Water Resourc. Res. 20(12): 1797-1803. Studied patterns of transport of a mixture of Li, K, Na, and Strontium chlorides which were injected continuously for a number of days. D; HZ; TS; K; Na
43. Bencala, K.E. (1984) Interactions of solutes and streambed sediments. 2. A dynamicanalysis of coupled hydrologic and chemical processes that determine solute transport. Water Resourc. Res. 20:1803-1814. Used inorganic tracer injections to examine downstream transport and hyporheic zone interactions in a small mountain stream and develop a hydrologic model. D; HZ; TS
44. Bencala, K.E. (1993) A perspective on stream-catchment connections. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 12(1):44-47. A review of stream channel- hyporheic zone hydrologic interactions. R; HZ
45. Bencala, K.E., J.H. Duff, J.W. Harvey, A.P. Jackman and F.J. Triska (1993) Modelling within the stream-catchment continuum. Pp. 163-187, In: Modelling Change in Environmental Systems. A.J. Jakeman, M.B. Beck, M.J. McAleer, and K.E. Bencala (Eds.). New York: Wiley. A review of stream channel-hyporheic zone-riparian zone interactions and a model of solute transport and transformation though this type system in Little Lost Man Creek. R; MT; DAM; NIT; DTKN
46. Bencala, K.E. (2000) Hyporheic zone hydrological processes. Hydrological Processes 14:2797-2798. A brief description of concepts and definitions. R
47. Benoit, P., E. Barriuso, Ph. Vidon and B. Real (1999) Isoproturon sorption and degradation in a soil from grassed buffer strip. J. Environ. Qual. 28:121-129. Soil samples from three depth zones in a grassed buffer in western France and from the plowed layer of upslope fields were used to measure herbicide binding and rates of degradation. D, G, HERB
48. Benson, L.J. and R.G. Pearson (1993) Litter inputs to a tropical Australian rainforest stream. Australian J. Ecol. 18(4):377-383. Measured Vertical and lateral Litter Inputs to Stream Channel. D; F; 1st order; POM; PTP; PTKN
49. Bernard, C., A. Fabre and P. Vervier (1994) DOC cycling in surface and ground waters interaction zone in a fluvial ecosystem. Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol. 25:1410-1413. Sampled DOC and bacterial numbers in interstitial waters of a gravel bar in the Garonne River, also C/N ratios of fine sediments. D; HZ; DOM; POM; PTKN; TS
50. Bhowmik, N.G. and M. Demissie (1989) Sedimentation in the Illinois River Valley and backwater lakes. J. Hydrology 105:187-195. Summarizes what is known about the sediment trapping in the floodplain over the last 60 years. R; SedTrap
51. Bilby, R.E. (1988) Interactions between aquatic and terrestrial systems. Pp. 13-29, In: Streamside Management: Riparian Wildlife and Forestry Interactions. Contribution # 59, Institute of Forest Resources, K. Raedeke (Ed.). Seattle: Univ. Washington. Overall Review of Forested Riparian Zone Interactions with Streams, Especially in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. R
52. Bilby, R.E. and P.A. Bisson (1992) Allochthonous versus autochthonous organic matter contributions to the trophic support of fish populations in clear-cut and old-growth forested streams. Canad. J. Fish. Aquatic Sci. 49:540-551. Compared Fish Production and Directly Measured Both Vertical and Horizontal Litter Inputs to the Channel in Two Stream Segments with and without Riparian Forest. D; F; POM
53. Bingham, S.C., P.W. Westerman and M.R. Overcash (1980) Effect of grass buffer zone length in reducing the pollution from land application areas. Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric. Engin. 23(2):330-335, 342. Measured Effectiveness of Grass Buffer to Remove Nutrients From a Site Used for Land Disposal of Poultry Manure. Did Not Examine Groundwater Discharges. D; G; OF; TN; TP; POM; DOM; NIT
54. Bird, G.A. and N.K. Kaushik (1981) Coarse particulate organic matter in streams. Pp. 41-68, In: Perspectives in Running Water Ecology, M.A. Lock and D.D. Williams (eds). New York: Plenum. Review Which Includes Studies of Litter Inputs from Forest to Stream Channels. R; F; POM
55. Blackburn, W.M. and T. Petr (1979) Forest litter decomposition and benthos in a mountain stream in Victoria, Australia. Arch. Hydrobiol. 86:453-498. Directly Measured Forest Litter Inputs to Stream Channel. D; F; MT; POM; TN
56. Blackwell, M.S.A., D.V. Hogan and E. Maltby (1999) The use of conventionally and alternatively located buffer zones for the removal of nitrate from diffuse agricultural run-off. Water Sci. Technol. 39:157-164. Studied two sites with upslope buffers, one on a seep area and one with small wetlands along a path of overland storm flows. Measured potential denitrification rates and soil water nitrate concentrations. D, H, G, GW, OF, NIT, Denit-L
57. Blicher-Mathiesen, G. and C.C. Hoffmann (1999) Groundwater dissolved N2 and N2 degassing measured in a riparian wet meadow: Initial observations. Grassland Science in Europe 5:490-492. Studied changes in concentrations of dinitrogen, nitrous oxide, and argon in groundwaters moving from croplands through a riparian wet meadow in Denmark. D, GW, TS, DAM, NIT, Denit-F
58. Blicher-Mathiesen, G. and C.C. Hoffmann (1999) Denitrification as a sink for dissolved nitrous oxide in a freshwater riparian fen. J. Environ. Qual. 28:257-262. Measured concentrations of nitrate, nitrous oxide and dissolved nitrogen in shallow groundwater along a transect from a hillslope into the fen. Also measured denitrification potentials in cores. D, H, GW, NIT, Denit-L
59. Blicher-Mathiesen, G., G.W. McCarty and L.P. Lielsen (1998) Denitrification and degassing in groundwater estimated from dissolved dinitrogen and argon. J. Hydrol. 208:16-24. Measured changes in concentration of dinitrogen and argon along a groundwater transect in a riparian wetland. Calculated rates of denitrification were close to simultaneously measured decreases in nitrate concentration. D, H, GW, TS, NIT, Denit-F
60. Blood, E.R. (1980) Surface Water Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of the Okefenokee Swamp Watershed. Ph. D. Thesis. Athens, GA: Univ. Georgia, pp. 194 pp.
61. Boar, R.R., R.D. DeLaune, C.W. Lindau and W.H. Patrick Jr. (1993) Denitrification in Bottomland Hardwood Soils of the Cache River, Arkansas. Technical Report WRP-CP-1. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, pp. 35 pp. Measured Denitrification in Floodplain Forest Soils with N-15 Labeled Nitrate. D; F; DAM; NIT; POM; Denit-L; Nitrif
62. Boggs, K. and T. Weaver (1994) Changes in vegetation and nutrient pools during riparian succession. Wetlands 14(2):98-109. Measured changes in P, N, K, and biomass pools during forest succession. D; F; TP; TN; K; BioStor
63. Bohn, C.C. and J.C. Buckhouse (1985) Some responses of riparian soils to grazing management in northeastern Oregon. J. Range Manage. 38:378-381. Measured changes in riparian soils with various grazing management schemes. D, F, Infil
64. Bonetto, C., L. De Cabo, N. Gabellone, A. Vinocur, J. Donadelli and F. Unrein (1994) Nutrient dynamics in the deltaic floodplain of the lower Parana River. Arch. Hydrobiol. 131(3): 277-295. Studied relative concentrations of nutrients in upper and lower river channel and in a floodplain lake connected to the channel permanently. D; F; H; DPP; NIT; PTN; PTP; TSS
65. Bosch, D.D., R.K. Hubbard, L.T. West and R.R. Lowrance (1994) Subsurface flow patterns in a riparian buffer system. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Engin. 37:1783-1790. Measured hydraulic characteristics of soils throughout a riparian buffer. D; GW
66. Bosch, D.D., J.M. Sheridan and R.R. Lowrance (1996) Hydraulic gradients and flow rates of a shallow Coastal Plain aquifer in a forested riparian buffer. Trans. Am. Soc. Agr. Eng. 39:865-871. Measured water table slopes for three years from a cropland through riparian zones to a stream. Three riparian zones were undisturbed forest, thinned forest, and clear-cut. D, F, GW, CP, ET, Flux
67. Borg, H., A. Hordacre and F. Batini (1988) Effects of logging in stream and river buffers on watercourses and water quality in the southern forest of Western Australia. Australian Forestry 51(2):98- 105. Experimental logging in riparian forests was carried out. Some buffers were maintained at a width of 200 m as controls, some were narrowed to 100 m and some were completely logged to the stream bank. Only monitored suspended sediments in the streams. D; F; TSS
68. Bormann, F.H., G.E. Likens and J.S. Eaton (1969) Biotic regulation of particulate and solution losses from a forest ecosystem. Bioscience 19:600-610. Forested Watershed Completely Clear Cut and Herbicide Used to Prevent Regrowth. Most complete report on losses of cations, nutrients, sediments, aluminum, dissolved and particulate organic matter, silicate. D; F; 1st order; MT; GW; TSS; POM; NIT
69. Bormann, F.H., G.E. Likens, D.W. Fisher and R.S. Pierce (1968) Nutrient loss accelerated by clear-cutting of a forest ecosystem. Science 159:882-884. Forested Watershed was Completely Clear Cut and Herbicide was used to Prevent Regrowth. D; F; 1st order; MT; GW; NIT; Nitrif; MBAL
70. Bott, T.L., J.T. Brock, C.S. Dunn, R.J. Naiman, R.W. Ovink and R.C. Petersen (1985) Benthic community metabolism in four temperate stream systems: An inter-biome comparison and evaluation of the river continuum concept. Hydrobiol. 123:3-45. Compared net primary production and respiration of a series of 16 streams in four different geographic regions of the US. D; HZ
71. Bott, T.L., L.A. Kaplan and F.T. Kuserk (1984) Benthic bacterial biomass supported by streamwater dissolved organic matter. Microb. Ecol. 10:335-344. Measured bacterial concentrations at steady state in DOC from stream channel and from interstitial water. D; HZ; DOM; 1st order; F
72. Bott, T.L. and L.A. Kaplan (1985) Bacterial biomass, metabolic state, and activity in stream sediments: Relation to environmental variables and multiple assay comparisons. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50(2):508-522. Measured microbial communities in four field sites. D; HZ; DOM; NIT; POM
73. Boulton, A.J. (1993) Stream ecology and surface-hyporheic hydrologic exchange:implications, techniques and limitations. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 44:553-564. A detailed review of the literature on stream channel water - hyporheic zone exchange. R; HZ
74. Boulton, J.A., S. Findlay, P. Marmonier, E.H. Stanley and H.M. Valett (1998) The functional significance of the hyporheic zone in streams and rivers. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 29: 59-81. A broad review. R; HZ
75. Bourg, A.C.M., D. Darmendrail and J. Ricour (1989) Geochemical filtration of riverbank and migration of heavy metals between the Deule River and the Ansereuilles Alluvion--chalk aquifer (Nord, France). Geoderma 44:229-244. Measured Changes in Concentration of Dissolved Constituents as Water Passed from the River Channel Through the Bank to Pumping Stations. D; GW; TrM; Mn; Fe
76. Bourg, A.C.M. and C. Bertin (1993) Biogeochemical processes during the infiltration of river water into an alluvial aquifer. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27:661-666. Measured changes in composition of river water as it infiltrated the bank and floodplain of the Lot River, a tributary of the Garrone in France. Used natural differences in chloride as a tracer. D, GW, DOM, K, Na, TS, NIT, Mn, Ca, Mg, TrM,
77. Bowden, W.B. (1987) The biogeochemistry of nitrogen in freshwater wetlands. Biogeochemistry 4(3):313-348. A General Review of all Types of Freshwater Wetlands. R; NutCyc
78. Bowden, W.B., W.H. McDowell and C.E. Asbury (1992) Riparian nitrogen dynamics in two geomorphologically distinct tropical rain forest watersheds:nitrous oxide fluxes. Biogeochemistry 18(2):77-99. Transects from Stream Bank to Uplands in two Puerto Rican Forested Watersheds. Measured Potential Nitrification and Potential Denitrification in Vertical Soil Profiles. D; F; GW; MT; NIT; DAM; Denit-L; Nitrif
79. Brandes, J.A., M.E. McClain and T.P. Pimentel (1996) 15N evidence for the origin and cycling of inorganic nitrogen in a small Amazonian catchment. Biogeochemistry 34(1):45-56. Measured patterns of N-15 content in stream channel water, riparian zone groundwater, and upland groundwater of a small forest watershed in Amazonas, Brazil. Also measured N-15 content of leaf nitrogen on watershed uplands and riparian zone. D; F; GW; DON; NIT; DAM
80. Braskerud, B.C. (2002) Factors affecting phosphorus retention in small constructed wetlands treating agricultural non-point source pollution. Ecol. Engin. 19:41-61. Studied sediment and phosphorus retention in four constructed wetlands on first order streams in Norway for a number of years. D, H, 1st order, PTP, TSS, Mbal, Sed Trap
81. Braskerud, B.C. (2002) Factors affecting nitrogen retention in small constructed wetlands treating agricultural non-point source pollution. Ecol. Engin. 18:351-370. Studied sediment and nitrogen retention in four small constructed wetlands on first order streams in Norway for a number of years. D, H, 1st order, TN, TSS, NIT, PON, TAM, Mbal, Sed Trap, BioStor, Denit-L
82. Bren, L.J. (1993) Riparian zone, stream, and floodplain issues: a review. J. Hydrol. 150:277-299. A Very Broad General Review. R
83. Bren, L.J. (1995) Aspects of the geometry of riparian buffers strips and its significance to forestry operations. Forest Ecol. Manage. 75(1-3):1-10. GIS and fractal analyses of a basin in SE Victoria, Australia. Examined effects of protecting forest buffers of various widths along the stream network. D; F; 4th order; MT
84. Bren, L.J. (1998) The geometry of a constant buffer-loading design method for humid watersheds. For. Ecol. Manage. 110(1-3):113-125. Used topography of a watershed to define variable buffer widths based upon equal loading (equal contibuting watershed area per buffer area). D; F; MT
85. Bretschko, G. and H. Moser (1993) Transport and retention of matter in riparian ecotones. Hydrobiologia 251:95-101. Measured vertical and lateral inputs to the channel from vegetation and overland flows in shaded and open reaches of a stream in the Alps. D; 2nd order; TP; TN; POM
86. Bridgham, S.D., C.A. Johnston, J.P. Schubauer-Berigan and P. Weishampel (2001) Phosphorus sorption dynamics in soils and coupling with surface and pore water in riverine wetlands. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65:577-588. Analyzed 12 soil samples from MN and WI for phosphorus sorption isotherms and correlations between phosphorus concentrations and other soil composition factors. D, H, Al, DPP, Fe, pH
87. Briggs, S.V. and M.T. Maher (1983) Litter fall and leaf decomposition in a river red gum (Eucalyptus camaidulensis) swamp. Aust. J. Bot. 33:307-316. Directly Measured Vertical Litter Inputs to a Eucalyptus Swamp Forest. Also Measured Composition of the Litter. D; F; POM; Ca; PTKN; PPP; Mg; K
88. Brinson, M.M. (1993) Changes in the functioning of wetlands along environmental gradients. Wetlands 13(2):65-74. A Broad Review Comparing the Functions of Various Types of Wetlands. R
89. Brinson, M.M., H.D. Bradshaw and R.N. Holmes (1983) Significance of floodplain sediments in nutrient exchange between a stream and its floodplain. Pp. 223-245, In: Dynamics of Lotic Ecosystems, T.D. Fontaine and S.M. Bartell (Eds.). Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science. Monitored Dissolved Nitrogen and Phosphorus in River Channel, Floodwaters over Floodplain, and in Floodplain Soil Pore Waters. Also Conducted Experimental Nutrient Enrichments of Floodwaters with Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Used N-15 and P-32 Isotopic Tracers. Inferred Nutrient Fluxes and Cycling. D; F; CP; NIT; DAM; DPP; NutCyc
90. Brinson, M.M., H.D. Bradshaw and E.S. Kane (1984) Nutrient assimilative capacity of an alluvial floodplain swamp. J. Appl. Ecol. 21(3):1041-1057. Experimental Field Nitrogen and Phosphorus Enrichment. Overall Nutrient Dynamics Measured. D; F; CP; DAM; NIT; DPP; BioStor; NutCyc
91. Brown, G.W., A.R. Gahler and R.B. Marston (1973) Nutrient losses after clearcut logging and slash burning in the Oregon Coast Range. Water Resources Res. 9:1450-1453. Measured Nutrients and Sediments Released From 3 Forested Watersheds for 2 Years Prior and 2 Years After Clear Cutting One, Partially Cutting One, and Leaving One as a Control. D; F; MT; NIT; TSS; K; DTP
92. Brueske, C.C. and G.W. Barrett (1994) Effects of vegetation and hydrologic load on sedimentation patterns in experimental wetland ecosystems. Ecol. Eng. 3:429-447. Used sediment traps to measure gross sedimentation rates in artificial riparian wetlands with high and low hydraulic loading rates. D; H; OF; TSS; TS; SedTrap
93. Brugger, A., B. Wett, I. Kolar, B. Reitner and G.J. Herndl (2001) Immobilization and bacterial utilization of dissolved organic carbon entering the riparian zone of the alpine Enns River, Austria. Aquatic Microbial Ecol. 24:129-142. Sampled DOC, bacterial populations and growth rates in bank sediments for a one year period at four sites. D, HZ, MT, DOM, POM
94. Brunet, R.C. and F. Gazelle (1995) Alternance des phenomenes d'erosion et de retention de la matiere dans la zone inondable de l'Adour au cours d'une saison hydrologique. Acta Ecologica 16(3):331-349. A one-year study of a 25 km reach of the Adour River in southern France. D; F; TSS; SedTrap
95. Brunet, R.C., G. Pinay, F. Gazelle and L. Roques (1994) Role of the floodplain and riparian zone in suspended matter and nitrogen retention in the Adour River, south-west France. Regulated Rivers; Research & Management. 9:55-63. Studied Changes in Particulate Concentrations as Floodwaters Moved into Floodplain. Also Used Sediment Traps. D; F; 7th order; TSS; PTN; NIT; DAM; Flux
96. Brunke, M. and T. Gonser (1997) The ecological significance of exchange processes between rivers and groundwater. Freshwater Biol. 37:1-33. A wide-ranging review. R; HZ, GW
97. Brusch, W. and B. Nilsson (1993) Nitrate transformation and water movement in a wetland area. Hydrobiologia 251:103-111. Measured mass balances of water, nitrate, phosphate, and iron along a transect through an herbaceous riparian zone for two years in Denmark. D; OF; GW; NIT; DPP; Fe; H; MBal; ET; TS; Denit-L
98. Buchanan, D.B. (1982) Transport and Deposition of Sediment in Old Woman Creek, Erie County, Ohio. M.Sc. Thesis. Comumbus, OH: Ohio State Univ., pp. 198 pp.
99. Budd, W.W., P.L. Cohen, P.R. Saunders and F.R. Steiner (1987) Stream corrider management in the Pacific Northwest: I. Determination of stream-corridor widths. Environ. Manage. 11(5):587-597. A very general review of the environmental benefits of riparian corridors along streams and a case study of the determination of desired riparian buffer widths in the Bear-Evans Creek watershed. R; F
100. Buffington, D.E. (1994) Nitrous Oxide Dynamics and Denitrification in Four North Carolina Riparian Systems. M.S. Thesis. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University. Denit D; G; F; GW; NIT; -L
101. Bunn, S.E. (1986) Origin and fate of organic matter in Australian upland streams. Pp. 277-291, In: Limnology of Australia, P. Dedekker and W.D. Williams (Eds.). A Review of Sources, Processing, and Fates of Organic Matter in Streams, Especially Australian Streams. R
102. Burke, M.K., G. Lockaby and W.H. Conner (1999) Aboveground production and nutrient circulation along a flooding gradient in a South Carolina Coastal Plain forest. Can. J. For. Res. 29(9):1402-1418. Studied effects of flood frequency on soil nutrient dynamics and forest productivity on the Chehaw River. D, F, GW, CP, PAM, NIT, Ca, Mg, PPP, POM, K, Mn, pH, BioStor
103. Burns, D.A. and M.L. Nguyen (2002) * Nitrate movement and removal along a shallow groundwater flow path in a riparian wetland within a sheep-grazed pastoral catchment: results of a tracer study. N.Z.J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 36:371-385. D, GW, TS, NIT
104. Burt, T.P. (1997) The hydrological role of floodplains within the drainage basin system. Pp. 21-32, In: Buffer Zones: Their Processes and Potential in Water Protection, N. Haycock, T. Burt, K. Goulding and G. Pinay (Eds.). Harpenden, U.K.: Quest Environmental. A broad review of the hydrological interactions among the stream channel, flood plain, riparian zone, and adjacent uplands. R; GW; OF
105. Burt, T.P. (2002) Hydrological processes in riparian buffer zones. Pp. 1-11 In: R. Hatano, U. Mander, Y. Hayakawa, V. Kuusemets, Y. Watanabe and K. Kanazawa (eds.), Efficiency of Purification Processes in Riparian Buffer Zones, Their Design and Planning in Agricultural Watersheds, Natl. Agric. Res. Center Hokkaido Region, Kushiro, Japan. A broad review with examples from field studies in Europe. R
106. Burt, T.P., L.S. Matchett, K.W. Goulding, C.P. Webster and N.E. Haycock (1999) Denitrification in riparian buffer zones: the role of floodplain hydrology. Hydrol. Proc. 13:1451-1463. Studied the concentration of nitrate in groundwater as it moved from uplands across a floodplain to a river channel in England. Studied the flow paths of the groundwater. D, G, GW, NIT, Denit-L
107. Butturini, A. and F. Sabater (1999) * Importance of tranient storage zones for ammonium and phosphate retention in a sandy-bottom Mediterranean stream. Freshwater Biol. 41:593-603. D, HZ, DAM, DPP
108. Cambell, I.C. and T.J. Doeg (1989) Impact of timber harvesting and production on streams: a review. Australian J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 40:519-539. A review of the effects of forest harvesting on stream water quality. Not specific for riparian forest harvesting. R; F
109. Cambell, I.C. and L. Fuchshuber (1994) Amount, composition and seasonality of terrestrial litter accession to an Australian cool temperate rainforest stream. Arch. Hydrobiol. 130(4):499-512. Directly Measured Vertical Litter Inputs to a Stream Channel from a Forested Watershed. D; F; POM; 2nd Order
110. Cambell, I.C., K.R. James, B.T. Hart and A. Devereaux (1992) Allochthonous coarse particulate organic material in forest and pasture reaches of two south-eastern Australian streams. I. Litter accession. Freshwater Biology 27:341-352. Measured Vertical and Lateral Litter Inputs to Stream Channels. D; F; G; POM; 3rd Order; 4th Order
111. Carbiener, R. and M. Tremolieres (1990) The Rhine rift valley groundwater-river interactions: Evolution of their susceptibility to pollution. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management. 5:375-389. A Review of 20 Years of Research on Interactions Between the Rhine River Channel and its FloodPlain and Shallow Groundwaters. Includes Data on Nutrients, Toxic Metals, and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. R; TrM; INS
112. Carignan, R. and J.J. Neiff (1992) Nutrient dynamics in the floodplain ponds of the Parana River (Argentina) dominated by the water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes. Biogeochem. 17:85-121. Measured DIN and SRP dynamics and nitrogen fixation on floodplain. D; DAM; NIT; DPP; BioStor; NutCyc
113. Carlyle, G.C. and A.R. Hill (2001) Groundwater phosphate dynamics in a river riparian zone: effects of hydrologic flowpaths, lithology and redox chemistry. J. Hydrol. 247:151-168. Measured concentrations of dissolved phosphate, iron, and oxygen in groundwaters traversing a floodplain to a river in Ontario. Found phosphate concentrations were negatively correlated with DO and positively with Fe. D, F, GW, DPP, Fe
114. Casey, R.E. and S.J. Klaine (2001) Nutrient attenuation by a riparian wetland during natural and artificial runoff events. J. Environ. Qual. 30:1720-1731. Studied storm and simulated storm discharges from a golf course in South Carolina through a forested sandy wetland. Measured fluxes into and out of the wetland, also groundwater chemistry along a transect through the wetland. All storm waters became groundwater within the wetland. D, F, GW, TS, CP, NIT, DPP, Flux
115. Casey, R.E., M.D. Taylor and S.J. Klaine (2001) Mechanisms of nutrient attenuation in a subsurface flow riparian wetland. J. Environ. Qual. 30:1732-1737. Measured denitrification potentials and phosphate binding isotherms in a wetland that received storm discharges from a golf course in South Carolina. D, F, GW, CP, DPP, NIT, Denit-L
116. Castelle, A.J., A.W. Johnson and C. Conolly (1994) Wetland and stream buffer size requirements - A review. J. Environ. Qual. 23:878-882. A General Review of the width of Buffer Required for Various Functions. R
117. Castro, N.M. and G.M. Hornberger (1991) Surface-subsurface water interactions in an alluviated mountain stream channel. Water Resourc. Res. 27(7):1613-1621. A hydrological study of the interactions between the channel water and hyporheic waters. D; HZ; MT; TS
118. Cey, E.E., D.L. Rudolph, R. Aravena and G. Parkin (1999) Role of the riparian zone in controlling the distribution and fate of agricultural nitrogen near a small stream in southern Ontario. J. Contam. Hydrol. 37:45-67. Measured composition of groundwater as it moved from a cropland through a grassed riparian zone to a stream. Used N-15 and O-18 measurements of nitrate to infer denitrification and changes in chloride to measure dilution of shallow groundwater with deeper groundwater within the riparian zone. D, G, GW, TS, NIT
119. Chafiq, M., J. Gibert and C. Claret (1999) Interactions among sediments, organic matter, and microbial activity in the hyporheic zone of an intermittent spring-fed stream on the floodplain of the Garrone River in France. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56:487-495. Examined bottom sediment composition and microbial activity in an intermittent, first-order stream at five points along the stream. D, F, HZ, DOM, POM
120. Chapra, S.C. and R.L. Runkel (1999) Modeling impact of storage zones on stream dissolved oxygen. J. Environ. Engin. (May), 415-419. Modified an existing model to account for hyporheic zone interactions. D, HZ
121. Chaubey, I., D.R. Edwards, T.C. Daniel, P.A. Moore Jr. and D.J. Nichols (1994) Effectiveness of vegetative filter strips in retaining surface-applied swine manure constituents. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Engin. 37:845-850. Used a rainfall simulator to study transport of nutrients and fecal coliforms through filter strips of various widths. D; G; OF; DAM; PAM; DPP; POM; PTKN; TP; TN; TSS; SedTrap
122. Chaubey, I, D.R. Edwards, T.C. Daniel, P.A. Moore Jr. and D.J. Nichols (1995) Effectiveness of vegetative filter strips in controlling losses of surface-applied poultry litter constituents. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Engin. 38(6):1687-1692. Used a rainfall simulator to study effectiveness of various widths of grass filter strips. D; HZ; G; OF; TSS; NIT; POM; DOM; TKN; TP; DPP; DAM
123. Chauvet, E. and H. Decamps (1989) Lateral interactions in a fluvial landscape: the river Garonne, France. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 8(1):9-17. Review of the Geomorphology of the Garrone River in France and the Role of the Riparian Forests in Buffering Nitrate in Groundwater and Providing Particulate Organic Matter to the River. R; F; POM; NIT
124. Chauvet, E. and A.M. Jean-Louis (1988) Production de litiere de la ripisylve de la Garonne et apport au fleuve. Acta Oecologia, Oecologia Generalis 9:265-279. Specifically Measured Timing and Flux of Leaf Litter Inputs From Riparian Forests into Stream Channel. D; F; POM; Flux
125. Chescheir, G.M., J.W. Gilliam, R.W. Skaggs and R.G. Broadhead (1991) Nutrient and sediment removal in forested wetlands receiving pumped agricultural drainage water. Wetlands 11:87-103. Study of Natural Forested Buffers Receiving Agricultural Wastewater. D; F; CP; TSS; TN; TP; NIT
126. Chescheir, G.M., J.W. Gilliam, R.W. Skaggs, R.G. Broadhead and R. Lea (1987) The Hydrology and Pollution Removal Effectiveness of Wetland Buffer Areas Receiving Pumped Agricultural Drainage Water. Water Resources Res. Inst. Report Num. 231. Raleigh, NC: Univ. North Carolina, 170 pp. Measured and Modeled Effectiveness of Riparian Forests for Removal of Suspended Sediments and Nutrients from Pumped Agricultural Drainage Waters. D; F; CP; OF; TN; TP; TSS; MBal
127. Chescheir, G.M., R.W. Skaggs, J.W. Gilliam and R.G. Broadhead (1988) Hydrology of wetland buffer areas for pumped agricultural drainage water. Pp. 260-274, In: The Ecology and Management of Wetlands, D.D. Hook (Ed.), Portland, OR: Timber Press. Field Data and Hydrologic Model Development for Pumped Agricultural Drainage Flow Through a Forested Riparian Zone. D; F; CP; OF; GW; Tr
128. Chescheir, G.M., R.W. Skaggs, J.W. Gilliam and R.G. Broadhead (1991) Hydrology of two forested wetlands that receive pumped agricultural drainage water in eastern North Carolina. Wetlands 11(1):29-53. An Engineering and Hydrologic Study of Two Forested Buffers Receiving High Volumes of Pumped Agricultural Drainage Waters. The Same Sites Were Also the Focus of Nutrient and Sediment Dynamic Studies. D; F; TSS
129. Chestnut, T.J. and W.D. McDowell (2000) C and N dynamics in the riparian and hyporheic zones of a tropical stream, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 19:199-214. Measured mass balances by bromide dilution for dissolved fractions of nitrogen and organic carbon in a 100 m reach of a small stream on a forested watershed. Used shallow wells to examine concentrations in riparian and hyporheic zones. D, F, GW, HZ, TS, MT, DAM, DOM, NIT, MBal
130. Cirmo, C.P. and J.J. McDonnell (1997) Linking the hydrologic and biogeochemical controls of nitrogen transport in near-stream zones of temperate-forested catchments: a review. J. Hydrol. 199:88-120. A broad review of nitrogen dynamics in the near-stream saturated zone. R; F; HZ; GW
131. Clairain Jr., F.J. and B.A. Kleiss (1989) Functions and values of bottomland hardwood forests along the Cache River, Arkansas: Implications for management. Pp. 27-33, In: Forested Wetlands of the Southern United States, D. Hook and R. Lea (Eds.). Orlando, FL: USDA Forest Service, SE Exp. Sta. Outline of Plans for Input/Output Study of a River Segment with Extensive Floodplain Forest. D; F; TSS
132. Claret, C. and D. Fontvieille (1997) Characteristics of biofilm assemblages in two contrasted hydrodynamic and trophic contexts. Microb. Ecol. 34:49-57. Studied biofilms on the bottom of the channel and in interstitial water of gravel bars at two locations on the Rhone River. Measured biomass and activity, protein content of biofilms. D; HZ; DOM; POM; TSS; NIT
133. Claret, C., P. Marmonier, J.-M. Boissier, D. Fontvieille and P. Blanc (1997) Nutrient transfer between parafluvial interstitial water and river water:influence of gravel bar heterogeneity. Freshwater Biol. 37:657-670. Studied emerging interstitial waters at downstream ends of two gravel bars in the Rhone River. D; HZ; NIT; DOM
134. Claret, C., P. Marmonier and J.-P. Bravard (1998) Seasonal dynamics of nutrient and biofilm in interstitial habitats of two contrasting riffles in a regulated large river. Aquat. Sci. 60:33-55. Studied intersititial water as it moved through gravel bars in the Rhone River. Related dissolved oxygen changes to water quality changes. D; 7th order; HZ; DOM; NIT; Nitrif; Denit-F
135. Clary, W.P. (1995) Vegetation and soil responses to grazing simulation on riparian meadows. J. Range Manage. 48:18-25. Measured effects on species composition and primary production of various intensities of seasonal grazing. D, H
136. Clausen, J.C., K. Guillard, C.M. Sigmund and K. Martin Dors (2000) Water quality changes from riparian buffer restoration in Connecticut. J. Environ. Qual. 29:1751-1761. Compared two adjacent fields before and after a grassed riparian buffer was established on the lower area of one field. Used piezometers to estimate groundwater flows and sample nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Also sampled overland storm flows and measured potential denitrification in soil samples. Measured plant uptake. D, G, 1st order, GW, OF, DAM, DTKN, DTP, NIT, TSS, TKN, TP, TS, Denit-L, SedTrap, MBal
137. Clausen, J.C., K.G. Wayland, K.A. Saldi and K. Guillard (1993) Movement of nitrogen through an agricultural riparian zone: 1. Field studieds. Water Sci. Tech. 28(3-5):605-612. Studied a riparian site in NE Connecticut that is currently double cropped in corn and winter rye in preparation for a comparison study when part of the site is reforested for 35 m from the stream channel. Sampled overland flows, groundwater along two transects in each of two fields, soil water, precipitation chem. and stream flow and chemistry. Analyzed for hydrol. cond. of soils, dissolved nitrogen species, and chloride. D; G; GW; OF; DAM; DTKN; NIT; MBal
138. Clawson, R.G., B.G. Lockaby and B. Rummer (2001) Changes in production and nutrient cycling across a wetness gradient within a floodplain forest. Ecosystems 4:126-138. Compared three communities in GA which differed in frequency of innundation. D, F, OF, POM, PTN, PPP, K, Mg, Ca, BioStor, NutCyc
139. Clinnick, P.F. (1985) Buffer strip management in forest operations: a review. Australian Forestry 48:34-45. A Review of the Use of Riparian Buffers to Control Suspended Sediments. R
140. Clinton, S.M. and R.T. Edwards (2000) Hyporheic flows in a riparian terrace of a coastal temperate rainforest river. Pp. 173-178 in: Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. P.J. Wigington Jr. and R.L. Beschta (Eds.), Amer. Water Resourc. Assoc., Middleburg, VA. Studied flowpaths in hyporheic zone of the Queets River in the Olympic rainforest. D, F, HZ, MT
141. Clinton, S.M., R.T. Edwards and R.J. Naiman (2002) Forest-river interactions: Influence on hyporheic dissolved organic carbon concentrations in a floodplain terrace. J. Amer. Water Resources Assoc. 38:619-631. Measured patterns of dissolved organic carbon concentration, hydrologic flow paths at low and high flow for a river in Washington. D, F, GW, HZ, DOM
142. Congdon, R.A. (1979) Litter fall of the paperbark tree (Melaleuca cuticularis) in the marshes of the Blackwood River Estuary, Western Australia. Aust. J. Ecol. 4:411-417. Directly Measured Vertical Litter Inputs and Analyzed Litter for Total N and P. D; F; POM; PTKN; PTP
143. Conner, W.H. and J.W. Day (1976) Productivity and composition of a baldcypress-water tupelo site and a bottomland hardwood site in a Louisiana swamp. Am. J. Bot. 63:1354-1364. Directly Measured Vertical Litter Inputs from a Swamp Forest. D; CP; POM
144. Conners, M.E. and R.J. Naiman (1984) Particulate allochthonous inputs: relationships with stream size in an undisturbed watershed. Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:1473-1488. Unusually Complete Study of Forest Inputs of Both Lateral and Vertical Particulate Organic Matter to a Series of 4 Streams Ranging in Order from 1st to 6th. D; F; POM
145. Constantz, J. (1998) Interactions between stream temperature, stream flow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams. Water Resourc. Res. 34:1609-1615.
146. Cooke, J.G. and A.B. Cooper (1988) Sources and sinks of nutrients in a New Zealand catchment. III. Nitrogen. Hydrol. Proc. 2:135-149. Movement of Nitrogen Fractions from a Completely Pastured Watershed into Stream Channel. D; G; 1st order; OF; GW; NIT; Denit-L; Nitrif
147. Cooper, A.B. (1990) Nitrate depletion in the riparian zone and stream channel of a small headwater catchment. Hydrobiologia 202(1-2):13-26. Nitrate Removal from Shallow Groundwater in a Grassed Riparian Zone and Potential Denitrification Rates in the Soils. D; G; 1st order; GW; NIT; Denit-L; MBal
148. Cooper, A.B., J.E. Hewitt and J.G. Cooke (1987) Land use impacts on stream water nitrogen and phosphorus. N. Z. J. Forest Sci. 17:179- 192. Discharges were Measured from Three Adjacent Watersheds for 14 Years. One was Pasture the Whole Time, One was Native Podocarp/Mixed Hardwood Forest the Whole Time, and One was Pasture Initially, then Planted in Pine. D; F; G; TP; DPP; NIT; DAM; Flux
149. Cooper, A.B., C.M. Smith and M.J. Smith (1995) Effects of riparian set- aside on soil characteristics in an agricultural landscape: Implications for nutrient transport and retention. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 55(1):61-67. Three riparian zones on a stream in the Lake Taupo Basin, New Zealand, were compared for their soil physical/chemical/microbial properties after 12 years of the same vegetation. These were native scrub, grazed pasture (fertilized with 40 kg P/ha yr), and ungrazed set-aside pasture. D; Infil; Denit-L; NIT; PAM; PPP; 3rd order
150. Cooper, A.B. and C.E. Thomsen (1988) Nitrogen and phosphorus in streamwaters from adjacent pasture, pine and native forest catchments. New Zealand J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 22:279-291. Comparison of Nutrient Area Yields from Three Nested Watersheds in Three Different Land Uses. D; F; G; TN; TP; NIT; DAM; DPP
151. Cooper, J.R. (1985) Phosphorus and Sediment Redistribution from Cultivated Fields in Riparian Areas. Ph.D. Thesis. Raleigh, NC. North Carolina State Univ.
152. Cooper, J.R. and J.W. Gilliam (1987) Phosphorus redistribution from cultivated fields into riparian areas. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51:1600- 1604. Long-term Evaluation of Phosphorus Trapping in Riparian Forests by Means of Sediment Trapping. Used Cs-137 for Horizons. D; F; CP; OF; PTP; PPP; SedTrap
153. Cooper, J.R., J.W. Gilliam, R.B. Daniels and W.P. Robarge (1987) Riparian areas as filters for agricultural sediment. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51(2):416-420. Long-term Evaluation of Total Sediment Trapping by Riparian Forest. Used Cs-137 Horizons. D; F; CP; OF; SedTrap
154. Cooper, J.R., J.W. Gilliam and T.C. Jacobs (1986) Riparian areas as a control of nonpoint pollutants. Pp. 166-192, In: Watershed Research Perspectives, D.L. Correll (Ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Press. Overview of Four Coastal Plain Watersheds and their Riparian Forest Buffer Effects on Sediment, Phosphorus, and Nitrate Transport from Agricultural Uplands. D; F; CP; OF; GW; NIT; SedTrap; PTP
155. Corbett, E.S., J.A. Lynch and W.E. Sopper (1978) Timber harvesting practices and water quality in the eastern United States. J. For. 76(8):484-488. Management Oriented Review of Effects of Clear Cutting Forested Watersheds and Effectiveness of Leaving a Buffer Strip of Forest. M; R; F; TSS; NIT
156. Corley, C.J., G.W. Frasier, M.J. Trlica, F.M. Smith and E.M. Taylor, Jr. (1999) Nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff from 2 montane riparian communities. J. Range Manage. 52:600-605. Measured volumes and composition of overland flows generated with a rainfall simulator as they entered and left grassed and herbaceous riparian zones maintained at three different heights. D, G, H, OF, MT, NIT, PAM, PPP
157. Correll, D.L. (1983) N and P in soils and runoff of three coastal plain land uses. Pp. 207-224, In: Nutrient Cycling in Agricultural Ecosystems, R. Lowrance, R. Todd, L. Assumssen and R. Leonard (Eds.). Athens, GA: Univ. Georgia Press. Comparison of Nutrient Area Yields of Three Adjacent Watersheds in Three Contrasting Land Uses. D; F; G; CP; TN; TP; Flux; NIT
158. Correll, D.L. (1991) Human impact on the functioning of landscape boundaries. Pp. 90-109, In: The Role of Landscape Boundaries in the Management and Restoration of Changing Environments, M.M. Holland, P.G. Risser and R.J. Naiman (Eds.). New York: Chapman and Hall. Field Chamber Measurements of Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Overview of Long- Term Study of One Riparian Forest. D; F; 1st order; CP; GW; NIT; Denit-F
159. Correll, D.L. (1997) Buffer zones and water quality protection: General principles. Pp. 7-20, In: Buffer Zones: Their Processes and Potential in Water Protection, N.E. Naycock, T.P. Burt, K.W.T. Goulding and G. Pinay (Eds.). Hertfordshire, UK: Quest Environment. A broad review of water quality affects of vegetated riparian buffers. R
160. Correll, D.L. (2000) The current status of our knowledge of riparian buffer water quality functions. Pp. 5-10, in: Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. P.J. Wigington Jr. and R.L. Beschta (Eds.), Amer. Water Resourc. Assoc., Middleburg, VA. A review emphasizing the need for better definitions, better site descriptions, and a riparian zone classification system. R
161. Correll, D.L. (2002) Principles of planning and establishment of buffer zones. Pp. 274-284, In: R. Hatano, U. Mander, Y. Hayakawa, V. Kuusemets, Y. Watanabe and K. Kanazawa (eds.), Efficiency of Purification Processes in Riparian Buffer Zones, Their Design and Planning in Agricultural Watersheds, Natl. Agric. Res. Center Hokkaido Region, Kushiro, Japan. A review of what is known about re-establishing buffers and the most effective placement of buffers at the watershed level. R, M, F, G
162. Correll, D.L., N.M. Goff and W.T. Peterjohn (1984) Ion balances between precipitation inputs and Rhode River watershed discharges. Pp. 77-111, In: Geological Aspects of Acid Depositon., O. Bricker (Ed.). Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Science. A Comparison of Three Small Adjacent Watersheds with Uplands in Corn Production, Pasture, and Mature Forest. All had Riparian Forests. All Major Ions and Dissolved Nutrients Measured. D; F; 1st order; CP; OF; GW; NIT; Flux
163. Correll, D.L., T.E. Jordan and D.E. Weller (1992) Nutrient flux in a landscape: Effects of coastal land use and terrestrial community mosaic on nutrient transport to coastal waters. Estuaries. 15:431- 442. A Synthesis of Many Aspects of a Complex Landscape with a Focus on the Role of Riparian Forests in Nutrient Dynamics. R; F; CP; OF; GW; NutCyc
164. Correll, D.L., T.E. Jordan and D.E. Weller (1992) Cross-media inputs to eastern US watersheds and their significance to estuarine water quality. Water Science and Technol. 26(12):2675-2683. A Synthesis of Many Studies of Landscape Level Effects on Receiving Water Quality, Including the Role of Riparian Forests. R; F; CP; OF; GW; HERB; NutCyc
165. Correll, D.L., T.E. Jordan and D.E. Weller (1994) Coastal riparian forests: Their role in filtering agricultural drainage. Pp. 67-72, In: Altered, Artificial, and Managed Wetlands. Focus: Agriculture and Forestry., J.A. Kusler and C. Lassonde (Eds.). Assoc. State Wetland Mngrs. A Review of the Buffering Effects of Riparian Forests in the Coastal Plain. R; F; CP; OF; GW; NIT; MBal; NutCyc
166. Correll, D.L., T.E. Jordan and D.E. Weller (1997) Failure of agricultural riparian buffers to protect surface waters from groundwater nitrate contamination. Pp. 162-165, In: Groundwater/Surface Water Ecotones: Biological and Hydrological Interactions and Management Options., J. Gibert, J. Mathieu and F. Fournier (Eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. Measured Changes in Groundwaters as They Moved Through Grassed and Forested Riparian Zones from Agricultural Fields to a Stream Channel. Measured Eh and Water Table Slopes. D; F; CP; GW; NIT; DTKN; DAM; pH
167. Correll, D.L., J.W. Pierce and T.-L. Wu (1978) Herbicides and submerged plants in Chesapeake Bay. Pp. 858-877, In: Technical, Environmental, Socioeconomic and Regulatory Aspects of Coastal Zone Managment., (Ed.). New York: Amer. Soc. Civil Engin. Transport of Agricultural Herbicides from Row Crops Through a Riparian Forest into a Stream. Changes in Partitioning Coefficients due to Coarse Sediment Trapping in Forest. D; F; 1st order; CP; OF; HERB; Flux
168. Correll, D.L., J.W. Pierce and T.L. Wu (1978) Studies of the transport of atrazine and alachlor from minimum till corn fields into Chesapeake Bay tidal waters. Proc. Northeastern Weed Sci. Soc. 32(Sup.):21-32. Studies of the Transport of Agricultural Herbicides from Row Crops Through a Riparian Forest into a Stream. D; F; 1st order; CP; OF; HERB; Flux
169. Correll, D.L. and D.E. Weller (1989) Factors limiting processes in freshwater wetlands: An agricultural primary stream riparian forest. Pp. 9-23, In: Freshwater Wetlands and Wildlife., R.R. Sharitz and J. W. Gibbons (Eds.). Oak Ridge: US Dept. Energy. Results from Several Years of Measuring Hydrologic Budgets, pH Effects, Nitrate Mass Balances, Forest Nitrogen Storage in Biomass, for Cropland Drainages Through a Riparian Forest. D; F; 1st order; CP; GW; TS; NIT; ET
170. Costello, C.J. (1989) Wetlands treatment of dairy animal wastes in Irish Drumlin Landscape. Pp. 702-709, In: Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment, D.A. Hammer (Ed.). Chelsea, MI: Lewis. Dairy Animal Wastes were Applied to Peat Wetlands and Monitored for Effectiveness at Removal of BOD, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. D; H; TSS; DOM; POM; DAM; NIT; DPP
171. Coyne, M.S., R.A. Gilfillen, R.W. Rhodes and R.L. Blevins (1995) Soil and fecal coliform trapping by grass filter strips during simulated rain. J. Soil & Water Conserv. 50(4):405-0408. Studied transport of suspended sediments and fecal coliform bacteria from soil plots, which had poultry litter applied, through a grass filter strip. Used a rainfall simulator. D; G; OF; TSS; MBal; Infil
172. Coyne, M.S., R.A. Gilfillen, A. Villalba, Z. Zhang, R. Rhodes, L. Dunn and R.L. Blevins (1998) Fecal bacteria trapping by grass filter strips during simulated rain. J. Soil Water Conserv. 53:140-145. Tested filter strips for removal of TSS, fecal coliforms, and fecal Streptococcus from fields with chicken litter applications, using a rainfall simulator in the summer. D, G, OF, TSS, SedTrap
173. Crocker, M.T. and J.L. Meyer (1987) Interstitial dissolved organic carbon in sediments of a southern Appalachian headwater stream. J. N. Am. Bethol. Soc. 6(3):159-167. Measured water column DOC, and interstitial DOC and bacterial concentrations in a small headwaters stream. Manipulated organic matter content of sediments and related to changes in interstitial DOC. D; HZ; DOM; POM
174. Cronk, J.K. and W.J. Mitsch (1994) Periphyton productivity on artificial and natural surfaces in constructed freshwater wetlands under different hydrologic regimes. Aquatic Botany 48:325-341. Exposed floodplain constructed wetlands to high and low hydraulic inputs. Measured periphyton production. Algae in Periphyton were identified to Genera for Presence. D; H; OF; POM
175. Cronk, J.K. and W.J. Mitsch (1994) Aquatic metabolism in four newly constructed freshwater wetlands with different hydrologic inputs. Ecol. Eng. 3:449-468. For four constructed wetlands on the floodplain of the Des Plaines River, measured diurnal dissolved oxygen mass balances for two growing seasons and calculated gross primary production. D; H; BioStor; MBal
176. Cuffney, T.F. (1988) Input, movement and exchange of organic matter within a subtropical coastal blackwater river-floodplain system. Freshwater Biol. 19:305-320. Overall Study of Transport of Organic Matter from Riparian Forest Litter to Stream Channel. Used Tracers, Pool Sizes, Decomp. Rates, and a Model. D; F; CP; TS; POM; Flux
177. Cushing, C.E. (1988) Allochthonous detritus input to a small, cold desert spring-stream. Verh. Internatl. Verein. Theoret. Angewan. Limn. 23:1107-1113. Directly Measured Litter Inputs, both Vertical and Horizontal. D; F; POM
178. Cushing, C.E. and E.G. Wolf (1982) Organic energy budget of Rattlesnake Springs, WA. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 107:404-407. Measured Litter Inputs from Forested Riparian Zone. D; F; 1st order; POM
179. Dabney, S.M., L.D. Meyer, W.C. Harmon, C.V. Alonso and G.R. Foster (1995) Depositional patterns of sediment trapped by grass hedges. Trans. Am. Soc. Agr. Engin. 38:1719-1729. Carried out flume experiments where the species of grass, the type of suspended sediment, and the flow rates were varied, but the slope was maintained at 5%. Developed and tested a model for sediment trapping. D, G, OF, TSS, SedTrap
180. Dahm, C.N., D.L. Carr and R.L. Coleman (1991) Anaerobic carbon cycling in stream ecosystems. Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol. 24:1600-1604. Measured ferrous iron and methane concentrations in groundwater below and lateral to the channels of three first order mountain streams in New Mexico. D; F; GW; HZ; 1st order; MT; DOM; Fe
181. Dahm, C.N., N.B. Grimm, P. Marmonier, H.M. Valett and P. Vervier (1998) Nutrient dynamics at the interface between surface waters and groundwaters. Freshwater Biol. 40:427-451. An extended review of stream interactions with their watersheds, riparian zones, parafluvial and hyporheic zones. Includes summaries of several case studies. R; GW; HZ
182. Dall�O�, M. W. Kluge and F. Bartels (2001) FEUWAnet: a multi-box water level and lateral exchange model for riparian wetlands. J. Hydrol. 250:40-62. Developed a simulation model for hydrology and pasive transport and tested it on an alder riparian zone. D, F, GW, OF
183. Daniels, R.B., J.W. Gilliam, E.E. Gamble and R.W. Skaggs (1975) Nitrogen movement in a shallow aquifer system of the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Water Resourc. Bull. 11:1121-1130. Followed changes in nitrate concentration as groundwater moved from uplands into riparian zone. D, GW, NIT, CP
184. Daniels, R.B. and J.W. Gilliam (1996) Sediment and chemical load reduction by grass and riparian filters. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 60:246-251. Measured for two years the flux of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment species through North Carlina Piedmont riparian buffers composed of grass, forest combinations. Only reported on transport in overland storm flows. Measured sand, silt, and clay. D; F; G; PT; OF; DAM; NIT; DPP; PTKN; TP; TSS; Flux; MBal; SedTrap
185. D�Angelo, D.J., J.R. Webster, S.V. Gregory and J.L. Meyer (1993) Transient storage in Appalachian and Cascade mountain streams as related to hydraulic characteristics. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 12(3):223-235. Tracked the kinetics and concentration patterns of injected tracers movement downstream in a series of stream reaches. D; HZ; TS; MT
186. Davidson, E.A. and W.R. Swank (1986) Environmental parameters regulating gaseous nitrogen losses from two forested ecosystems via nitrification and denitrification. Applied Environ. Microbiol. 52:1287-1292. Both Laboratory Analyses and Field Chamber Measurements were used to Contrast Upland Forest and Riparian Forest Denitrification and Nitrification. Measured Redox Potentials of Soils. D; F; MT; Denit-F; Denit-L; Nitrif; Flux
187. Davidson, E.A. and W.T. Swank (1990) Nitrous oxide dissolved in soil solution: An insignificant pathway of nitrogen loss from a southeastern hardwood forest. Water Resources Res. 26(7):1687-1690. Study of Concentrations of Nitrous Oxide Dissolved in Shallow Groundwater and Soil Water along a Gradient from Upland Forest Through Riparian Forest to a Stream. D; F; MT; GW; Denit-F; Flux
188. Davidson, E.A., W.T. Swank and T.O. Perry (1986) Distinguishing between nitrification and denitrification as sources of gaseous nitrogen production in soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52(6):1280-1286. Field Chambers and Controlled Concentrations of Acetylene were used to Measure Rates and Distinguish Between Denitrification and Nitrification. Sites Included Uplant Forest and Riparian Forest. D; F; MT; Denit-F; Nitrif; Flux
189. Davies-Colley, R. (2000) Can riparian forest be restored without destabilizing stream channels and discrediting managers? Pp. 381-385, in: Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. P.J. Wigington Jr. and R.L. Beschta (Eds.), Amer. Water Resourc. Assoc., Middleburg, VA. A review of channel widening that sometimes occurs when riparian forests are first established. R, F, G
190. Dawson, F.H. (1976) Organic contribution of stream edge forest litter fall to the chalk stream ecosystem. Oikos 27:13-18. Directly Measured Vertical Litter Inputs to Two Small Streams in England. D; F; POM
191. Dawson, T.E. and J.R. Ehleringer (1991) Streamside trees that do not use stream water. Nature. 350:335-337. Used natural abundance hydrogen isotope analyses to show the source of water for riparian forest trees. D; F; GW; TS
192. Day, J.W., T.J. Butler and W.G. Conner (1977) Productivity and nutrient export studies in a cypress swamp and lake system in Louisiana. Pp. 255-269, In: Estuarine Processes., M. Wiley (Ed.). New York: Academic Press. Studied Flux of Nutrients from a Swamp Forest into a Lake. D; F; CP; POM; DOM; TP; TN; Flux
193. Decamps, H. (1993) River margins and environmental change. Ecol. Appl. 3(3):441-445. A General Review of the Ecological Interactions Between Forested Riparian Zones and River Channels. R; F
194. Decamps, H. (1996) The renewal of floodplain forests along rivers: a landscape perspective. Verh. Internatl. Ver. Theor. Angewandte Limn. 26:35-59. A wide-ranging review of river/floodplain interactions and regeneration of forested floodplains. R
195. DeLaune, R.D., R.R. Boar, C.W. Lindau and B.A. Kleiss (1996) Denitrification in bottomland hardwood wetland soils of the Cache River. Wetlands 16(3):309-320. Used N-15 nitrate to measure denitrification and nitrification in the soils of floodplain. Correlated rates with organic content of surface soils. D; F; CP; Denit-L; Nitrif; POM
196. Delgado, A.N., E.L. Periago and F. Diaz-Fierros (1997) Effectiveness of buffer strips for attenuation of ammonium and nitrate levels in runoff from pasture amended with cattle slurry or inorganic fertiliser. Pp. 134-139, In: Buffer Zones: Their Processes and Potential in Water Protection., N. Haycock, T. Burt, K. Goulding and G. Pinay (Eds.). Harpenden, UK: Quest Environmental. Pasture plots were either treated with ammonium nitrate or with a slurry from cattle waste. They were then treated with a rainfall simulator and transport downslope was measured. D; OF; NIT; G; DAM
197. Delong, M.D. and M.A. Brusven (1991) Classification and spatial mapping of riparian habitat with applications toward management of streams impacted by nonpoint source pollution. Environ. Manage. 15(4):565-572. Development and Testing of a GIS Approach to Improved Management of Watershed Riparian Zones. M
198. Delong, M.D. and M.A. Brusven (1994) Allochthonous input of organic matter from different riparian habitats of an agriculturally impacted stream. Environ. Manage. 18(1):59-71. Measured vertical litter inputs directly into stream channel in eight reaches of a stream with difering riparian vegetation. Watershed was partly forested, partly agricultural/riparian vegetation. D; F; B; H; MT; 5th order; POM; Flux
199. Delphine, J.-E. and J.-Y. Chapot (2001) Leaching of atrazine and deethylatrazine under a vegetative filter strip. Agonomie 21:461-470. Studied concentrations in natural overland storm flows from a corn field in NE France for three years and the change in concentrations as flows passed through the filter strip. Also measured concentrations in soil solution at various depths. D, G, H, OF, HERB, Infil
200. Dent, L.C., N.B. Grimm and S.G. Fisher (2001) Multiscale effects of surface-subsurface exchange on stream water nutrient concentrations. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 20(2):162-181. Sampled concentrations of nutrients along a stream reach and compared changes to sites of outflow and inflow from hyporheic areas. D, HZ, NIT, DPP
201. Denver, J.M. (1991) Groundwater-sampling network to study agrochemical effects on water quality in the unconfined aquifer. Pp. 139-149, In: Groundwater Residue Sampling Design, Amer. Chem. Soc. Symp. #465. Study of Nitrate Transport From Agricultural Uplands Through a 30 meter deep Unconfined Aquifer of Sand and Gravel Underneath and Adjacent to a Small Stream Lined with Riparian Forest. Nitrate Transport Bypassed the Riparian Zone. D; F; CP; GW; NIT; Flux
202. Desbonnet, A., P. Pogue, V. Lee and N. Wolff (1994) Vegetated Buffers in the Coastal Zone. A Summary Review and Bibliography. Coastal Resources Center Technical Report No. 2064. Narragansett, RI: University of Rhode Island, 71 pp. A Wide-Ranging Review and Bibliography of Vegetated Buffers in General with Many References. R
203. De Snoo, G.R. and P.J. De Wit (1998) Buffer zones for reducing pesticide drift to ditches and risks to aquatic organisms. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 41:112-118. A study of the risks of pesticide spray drift reaching streams with no buffer, a three meter or a six meter buffer of unsprayed vegetation. D; G; HERB; INS
204. Devall, M., C. Meier, E. Gardiner, P. Hamel, T. Leininger, N. Schiff and J. Stanturf (2001) Review of restoration of functions and values in bottomland hardwood forests of the lower Mississippi alluvial valley: techniques and functions/values. Wetland Journal 13:24-36. R, F
205. Devito, K.J. and P.J. Dillon (1993) The influence of hydrologic conditions and peat oxia on the phosphorus and nitrogen dynamics of a conifer swamp. Water Resour. Res. 29(8):2675-2685. Constructed mass balances for water, nitrogen and phosphorus inputs and outputs for a forested swamp in Ontario for one year. Measured bulk precipitation inputs. D; F; GW; DPP; DAM; NIT; DTKN; DTP; MBal
206. Devito, K.J., P.J. Dillon and B.D. Lazerte (1989) Phosphorus and nitrogen retention in five precambrian shield wetlands. Biogeochemistry 8(3):185-204. Input and Output Mass Balances for Total N and P and Dissolved Organic Matter for two Forested Wetlands along Streams Draining Canadian Shield Watersheds. D; F; TP; TN; NIT; DOM; MBal
207. Devito, K.J., D. Fitzerald, A.R. Hill and R. Aravena (2000) Nitrate dynamics in relation to lithology and hydrologic flow path in a river riparian zone. J. Environ. Qual. 29:1075-1084. Examined concentration patterns of nitrate, dissolved organic matter along a series of transects from uplands across floodplains. Used isotopes and chloride concentration to trace water. D, F, GW, DOM, NIT, TS
208. Dickey, E.C. and D.H. Vanderholm (1981) Vegetative filter treatment of livestock feedlot runoff. J. Environ. Qual. 10:279-284. Study of Filter Strips for Treating Feedlot Runoff. Most of Volume Infiltrated and Water Quality of Infiltrating Water was not Measured. D; G; OF; TSS; TP; TN
209. Dickson, B.C. (1995) Ecorestoration of Riparian Forest for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control: Policy and Ecological Considerations in Illinois Agroecosystem Watersheds. Ph. D. Thesis. Urbana, IL: U. Illinois. Management-oriented analysis of projected water quality benefits and economic consequences of riparian forest restoration. M; NIT
210. Dickson, B.C. and D.J. Schaeffer (1997) Ecorestoration of riparian forests for non-point source pollution control:Policy and ecological considerations in agroecosystem watersheds. Pp. 221-227, In: Buffer Zones: Their Processes and Potential in Water Protection, N. Haycock, T. Burt, K. Goulding and G. Pinay (Eds.). Harpenden, UK: Quest Environmental. A management-oriented analysis of the projected water quality benefits and economic consequences of riparian forest restoration on watersheds in the Illinois corn belt. M; NIT
211. Dillaha, T.A. and S.P. Inamdar (1997) Buffer zones as sediment traps or sources. Pp. 33-42, In: Buffer Zones: Their Processes and Potential in Water Protection, N. Haycock, T. Burt, K. Goulding and G. Pinay (Eds.). Harpenden, U.K.: Quest Environmental. A review of sediment trapping in riparian zones and filter strips. R; M; OF; TSS
212. Dillaha, T.A., R.M. Reneau, S. Mostaghima and D. Lee (1989) Vegetative filter strips for agricultural non-point source pollution control. Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric. Engin. 32:513-519. Used Rainfall Simulator on Agricultural Crop Plots and Various Lengths of Grass Buffer to Measure Removal Efficiency for Sediments and Nutrients. D; G; TSS; TN; TP; NIT; DAM; DPP
213. Dillaha, T.A., J.H. Sherrard and D. Lee (1986) Long-Term Effectiveness and Maintenance of Vegetative Filter Strips Virginia Water Resources Research Center Bull. No. 153. Blacksburg, VA: USEPA, 39 pp. Review of Literature and Management Recommendations on Grassed Filter Strips Based on a Survey of 33 VA Farms that Installed Filter Strips in the Past. M; G; R
214. Dillaha, T.A., J.H. Sherrard and D. Lee (1989) Long-term effectiveness of vegetative filter strips. Water Environ. & Technol. Nov.: 419-421. General Management Recommendations Based Upon Surveys of 33 Farms for Maintenance Problems and Effectiveness Over Time of Grassed/Herbaceous Filter Strips. M; G; H; OF
215. Dillaha, T.A., J.H. Sherrard, D. Lee, S. Mostaghimi and V.O. Shanholtz (1988) Evaluation of vegetative filter strips as a best management practice for feed lots. J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed. 60:1231-1238. Experimental Study of the Effectiveness of Grass/Herbaceous Buffers in Removing Sediments and Nutrients. Used Rainfall Simulator. D; H; G; OF; TSS; TP; TN; NIT
216. Dole-Olivier, M.J. (1998) Surface water-groundwater exchanges in three dimensions on a backwater of the Rhone River. Freshwater Biol. 40:93-109. Measured conductivity, temperature, D.O. and biota in shallow and deeper sediments up and down the reach and laterally within a section of reach. D, GW
217. Dorge, C.L. (1977) Phosphorus Cycling in a Southern Illinois Cypress Swamp. M.S. Thesis. Chicago: Illinois Inst. Tech.
218. Dosskey, M.G. (2000) How much can USDA riparian buffers reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution? Pp. 427-432, in: Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. P.J. Wigington Jr. and R.L. Beschta (Eds.), Amer. Water Resourc. Assoc., Middleburg, VA. A critical evaluation which points out that no before and after studies are available at the level of stream water quality. M, R
219. Dosskey, M.G. and P.M. Bertsch (1994) Forest sources and pathways of organic matter transport to a blackwater stream: a hydrologic approach. Biogeochemistry 24(1):1-19. Measured Discharges of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Matter and Formed a Budget for the Volumes Discharged as Groundwater and Storm Flows. D; CP; F; GW; 2nd order; DOM; POM
220. Downes, M.T., C. Howard-Williams and L.A. Schipper (1997) Long and short roads to riparian zone restoration: nitrate removal efficiency. Pp. 244-254, In: Buffer Zones: Their Processes and Potenital in Water Protection, N. Haycock, T. Burt, K. Goulding and G. Pinay (Eds.). Harpenden, UK: Quest Environmental. A review with some new data on three different riparian studies in New Zealand. R; NIT; Denit-L; BioStor
221. Doyle, R.C., D.C. Wolfe and D.F. Bezdicek (1975) Effectiveness of forest buffer strips in improving the water quality of manure polluted runoff. Pp. 299-302, In: Managing Lisestock Wastes. Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Livestock Wastes, (Ed.). St. Joseph, MI: Amer. Soc. Agric. Engin. Manure was Applied Directly to Forested Buffer Plots. Overland Storm Flow Nutrient Concentrations were Measured at Various Distances Downhill. No Data on Interactions Between Infiltration into Groundwater and Overland Flows. D; F; TN; TP; DTKN; NIT; DAM; OF
222. Drury, C.F., C.S. Tan, J.D. Gaynor, T.O. Oloya and T.W. Welacky (1996) Influence of controlled drainage-subirrigation on surface and tile drainage nitrate loss. J. Environ. Qual. 25(2):317-324. Measured relative effectiveness of tile drainage and controlled drainage/subirrigation in reduction of nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater leaving croplands. D; GW; NIT
223. Duff, J.H., C.M. Pringle and F.J. Triska (1996) Nitrate reduction in sediments of lowland tropical streams draining swamp forest in Costa Rica: An ecosystem perspective. Biogeochem. 33:179-196. Measured potential denitrification rates in stream sediments and used a chamber technique to measure sediment-water column exchanges in three lowland streams in La Selva Reserve. Carried out manipulations of the concentrations of nitrate, glucose, and metabolic inhibitors within the chambers. D, F, 3rd order, 4th order, HZ, DAM, NIT, Denit-L, Denit-F, Nitrif
224. Duff, J.H. and F.J. Triska (1990) Denitrification in sediments from the hyporheic zone adjacent to a small forested stream. Can. J. Fish. Aquatic Sci. 47(6):1140-1147. Study of Interactions Between Channel and Hyporheic Zone. Nitrate and Acetylene were Injected into Riparian Zone Soils. D; F; 3rd order; NIT; Denit-F; Denit-L; DOM; HZ
225. Duncan, C.P. and P.M. Groffman (1994) Comparinag microbial parameters in natural and constructed wetlands. J. Environ. Qual. 23:298-305. Compared Soil Microbial Activities in Zones of Riparian Forest Differing in Hydration. D; F; GW; NIT; BioStor; Denit-L; NutCyc
226. Duncan, W.F.A. and M.A. Brusven (1985) Energy dynamics of three low- order southeast Alaska streams: Allochthonous processes. J. Freshwater Ecology 3(2):233-248. Measured Vertical Litter Inputs to Three Stream Channels with Differing Riparian Vegetation. D; POM; 2nd Order
227. Edwards, D.R., T.C. Daniel and P.A. Moore Jr. (1996) Vegetative filter strip design for grassed areas treated with animal manures. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Engin. 12(1):31-38. Describes a relatively simple approach to designing grassed filter strips. M, G, OF
228. Edwards, R.T. (1998) The hyporheic zone. Pp. 399-429 in: R.J. Naiman and R.E. Bilby (eds.), River Ecology and Management, Lessons from the Pacific Coastal Ecoregion. Springer, New York. An in depth review. R, HZ
229. Edwards, R.T., J.L. Meyer and S.E.G. Findlay (1990) The relative contribution of benthic and suspended bacteria to system biomass, production, and metabolism in a low-gradient blackwater river. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 9(3):216-228. Measured bacterial parameters in water column, and several types of bottom sediments. D; HZ; TS; 6th order; POM
230. Edwards, R.T. and J.L. Meyer (1987) Metabolism of a sub-tropical low gradient blackwater river. Freshwater Biol. 17:251-263. Measured Open-Water Oxygen Budgets and Import/Exports of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Matter for Stream Channel. Constructed an Organic Carbon Budget and Inferred Inputs from Flood Plain to Balance Budget. D; F; CP; 6th order
231. Edwards, W.M., L.B. Owens, D.A. Norman and R.K. White (1980) A settling basin-grass filter system for managing runoff from a paved beef feedlot. Pp. 265-273, In: Livestock Waste: A Renewable Resource, (Ed.). St. Joseph, MI: Amer. Soc. Agric. Eng. Measured Changes in Nutrient Concentrations For Runoff from a Feedlot as it Moved Through a Grassed Buffer Zone. D; G; POM; TSS; DAM; DTP; K
232. Edwards, W.M., L.B. Owens and R.K. White (1983) Managing runoff from a small, paved beef feedlot. J. Environ. Qual. 12:281-286. Mass Balances of Sediments and Nutrients Draining from a Paved Feed Lot Through a Retention Pond, then two Grassed Buffers. D; G; OF; TSS; TN; TP; MBal
233. Ehrenfeld, J.G. (1987) The role of woody vegetation in preventing ground water pollution by nitrogen from septic tank leachate. Water Research 21:605-614. Measured Total Nitrogen Assimilation & Storage as Net Primary Production of Woody Plants in a Deciduous hardwood forested Wetland. D; F; CP; GW; TN
234. Elder, J.F. (1985) Nitrogen and phosphorus speciation and flux in a large Florida river wetland system. Water Resources Res. 21:724-732. Measurements of Concentration Patterns Along the Channel and in Major Tributaries Were Used to Infer Interactions with Flood Plain. D; F; TN; TP; DPP; DAM; POM
235. Emmett, B.A., J.A. Hudson, P.A. Coward and B. Reynolds (1994) The impact of a riparian wetland on streamwater quality in a recently afforested uplant catchment. J. Hydrol. 162:337-353. Measured for two years fluxes from atmosphere and forested drainage area into and through a small riparian wetland. D; F; H; TN; DPP; TP; Al; DOM; ET; MBal
236. Engler, R.M. and W.H. Patrick Jr. (1974) Nitrate removal from flood water overlying flooded soils and sediments. J. Environ. Qual. 3:409- 413. Floodplain Forest Soil Cores were Incubated with Nitrate and Rates of Nitrate Disappearance Measured. D; F; CP; NIT; Denit-L
237. Entry, J.A., P.K. Donelly and W.H. Emmingham (1994) Microbial mineralization of atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in riparian pasture and forest soils. Biol. Fertil. Soils 18:89-94. Measured rates of degradation of herbicides in soils and litter of forested and grassed riparian zones. Also measured microbial biomass. D; G; F; HERB
238. Entry, J.A., P.K. Donnelly and W.H. Emmingham (1995) Atrazine and 2,4- D mineralization in relation to microbial biomass in soils of young-, second-, and old-growth riparian forests. Appl. Soil Ecol. 2:77-84. Measured degradation rates of atrazine and 2,4-D in leaf litter and surface soils of riparian forest plots in 20-40, 60-90, and 120-300 year old stands. D; F; HERB
239. Esry, D.H. and D.J. Cairns (1989) Overview of the Lake Jackson restoration project with artificially created wetlands for treatment of urban runoff. Pp. 247-257, In: Wetlands: Concerns and Successes., D.W. Fisk (Ed.). Bethesda, MD: Amer. Water Resources Assoc. Overview and Summary Data on a Constructed Herbaceous Wetland Used for Water Quality Polishing of Urban Storm Runoff. M; D; CP; TSS; DAM; NIT; Flux
240. Ethridge, B.J. and R.K. Olson (1992) Research and information needs related to nonpoint source pollution and wetlands in the watershed: an EPA perspective. Ecol. Engin. 1:149-156. A Management Oriented Review of Riparian Forests and Their Potential Use in Watershed Management. M; R; F
241. Ettema, C.H., R. Lowrance and D.C. Coleman (1999) Riparian soil response to surface nitrogen input: temporal changes in denitrification, labile and microbial C and N pools, and bacterial and fungal respiration. Soil Biol. Biochem. 31:1609-1624. Investigated effects of short-term or chronic N-additions to soil plots near stream and away from the stream on denitrification and respiration rates, and microbial biomass. D, F, GW, CP, 2nd order, POM, NIT, DAM, Denit-L, PTKN
242. Ettema, C.H., R. Lowrance and D.C. Coleman (1999) Riparian soil response to surface nitrogen input: the indicator potential of free-living soil nematode populations. Soil Biol. Biochem. 31:1625-1638. Measured numbers and species composition of nematodes in soil plots enriched once or repeatedly with nitrogen. D, F, CP, 2nd order
243. Ewel, K.C. (1978) Riparian ecosystems: conservation of their unique characteristics. Pp. 56-62, In: Strategies for Protection and Management of Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems., R. R. Johnson and J.F. McCormick (Eds.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Forest Service. An Overall Review of the Ecological Roles of Riparian Zones along Streams. R
244. Fabre, A., G. Pinay and C. Ruffinoni (1996) Seasonal changes in inorganic and organic phosphorus in the soil of a riparian forest. Biogeochem. 35:419-432. Measured changes in the amounts of various soil phosphorus constituents during and between flooding events on the floodplain of the Garonne River. D; F; PPP; PTP; POM; SedTrap
245. Fail Jr., J.L. (1983) Structure, Biomass, Production, and Element Accumulation in Riparian Forests of an Agricultural Watershed. Ph.D. Thesis. Athens, GA: Univ. Georgia.
246. Fail, J.L., B.L. Haines and R.L. Todd (1986) Riparian forest communities and their role in nutrient conservation in an agricultural watershed. Amer. J. Alternative Agriculture II(3):114- 121. Detailed Measurements of Nutrient Assimilation and Storage in Tree Woody Biomass at same Sites Where Nutrient Removal from Agricultural Drainage was Measured. D; F; CP; TN; TP; K; Ca; BioStor
247. Fail, J.L., M.N. Hamzah, B.L. Haines and R.L. Todd (1986) Above and belowground biomass, production, and element accumulation in riparian forests of an agricultural watershed. Pp. 193-224, In: Watershed Research Perspectives, D.L. Correll (Ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Press. Detailed Study of Accumulation of Nutrients in Woody Biomass of Forest Trees in a series of Sites Where Nutrient Removal from Agricultural Drainage Was Also Measured. D; F; CP; TN; TP; K; Ca; BioStor
248. Fellows, C.S., H.M. Valett and C.N. Dahm (2001) Whole-stream metabolism in two montane streams: Contribution of the hyporheic zone. Limnol. Oceanogr. 46(3):523-531. Studied two streams in NM. Used difference between whole stream and benthic respiration to calculate hyporheic respiration. D, HZ, TS
249. Fennessy, M.S., C.C. Brueske and W.J. Mitsch (1994) Sediment deposition patterns in restored freshwater wetlands using sediment traps. Ecol. Eng. 3:409-428. Determined suspended sediment mass balances for 4 constructed wetlands on the flood plain of the Des Plaines River. Determined organic matter and mineral matter. D; H; POM; TSS
250. Fennessy, M.S., J.K. Cronk and W.J. Mitsch (1994) Macrophyte productivity and community development in created freshwater wetlands under experimental hydrological conditions. Ecol. Eng. 3:469-484. Measured plant community development and productivity in artificial riparian wetlands with different hydrologic loading rates. D; H; OF; BioStor
251. Fennessy, M.S. and J.K. Cronk (1997) The effectiveness and restoration potential of riparian ecotones for the management of nonpoint source pollution, particularly nitrate. Critical Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27(4):285-317. An extended review. R; NIT
252. Fennessy, M. S. and W. J. Mitsch (2001) Effects of hydrology on spatial patterns of soil development in created riparian wetlands. Wetland Ecol. Manage. 9:103-120. Examined patterns of sediment and its composition in four restored wetlands on the floodplain of the Des Plaines River, IL. D, H, K, Mg, Ca, POM, PPP, SedTrap
253. Fernald, A., D. Landers and P.J. Wigington Jr. (2000) Water quality effects of hyporheic processing in a large river. Pp. 167-172, in: Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. P.J. Wigington Jr. and R.L. Beschta (Eds.), Amer. Water Resourc. Assoc., Middleburg, VA. Studied changes in chemistry as river water flowed through gravel bars in the Willamette River. D, HZ, DAM, NIT, DPP
254. Fernald, A.G., P.J. Wigington Jr. and D.H. Landers (2001) Transient storage and hyporheic flow along the Willamette River, Oregon: Field measurements and model estimates. Water Resourc. Res. 37(6):1681-1694. Conducted dye tracer studies to quantify hyporheic-channel exchange along a 26 km reach of the river. D, F, 8th Order, HZ, TS
255. Fiebig, D.M. (1992) Fates of dissolved free amino acids in groundwater discharged through stream bed sediments. Hydrobiologia 236:311-319. Used cores to study uptake and measured effects of added amino acids or variations in flow rates. D; HZ; 1st order; DOM
256. Fiebig, D.M. (1997) Microbiological turnover of amino acids immobilized from groundwater discharged through hyporheic sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42:763-768. Measured rate of removal of C-14 labeled amino acids from water perfusing a sediment core and rates of mineralization of the amino acids. D; HZ; DOM
257. Fiebig, D.M. and M.A. Lock (1991) Immobilization of dissolved organic matter from groundwater discharging through the stream bed. Freshwater Biol. 26:45-55. Measured retention of dissolved organic compounds from water perfusing sediment cores. D; HZ; DOM
258. Fiebig, D.M., M.A. Lock and C. Neal (1990) Soil water in the riparian zone as a source of carbon for a headwater stream. J. Hydrol. 116:217-237. Compared concentrations of DOC and free amino acids in soil water and in stream channel. D; F; DOM
259. Fiebig, D.M. and J. Marxsen (1992) Immobilization and mineralization of dissolved free amino acids by stream-bed biofilms. Freshwater Biol. 28:129-140. Measured uptake of labeled amino acids by sediments from several stream habitats. D; DOC
260. Finck, R., C. Marlow and J. Borkowski (2000) Stubble height as a criteria for water quality. Pp. 275-279, in: Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. P.J. Wigington Jr. and R.L. Beschta (Eds.), Amer. Water Resourc. Assoc., Middleburg, VA. Measured impacts of grazing to various stem heights on non-point sources to a stream. D, G, OF, NIT, DPP
261. Findlay, S. (1995) Importance of surface - subsurface exchange in stream ecosystems: the hyporheic zones. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40(1):159- 164. A review of what is known about the dynamics of exchange processes between stream channels and hyporheic zones. R; HZ; DOM
262. Findlay, S., J.L. Meyer, and R. Risley (1986) Benthic bacterial biomass and production in two blackwater rivers. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:1271-1276. Measured biomass by three techniques and related metabolic activity to particulate organic carbon content of sediments, but not to temperature. D; HZ; POM; 4th order; 6th order
263. Findlay, S., J.M. Quinn, C.W. Hickey, G. Burrell and M. Downes (2001) Effects of land use and riparian flowpath on delivery of dissolved organic carbon to streams. Limnol. Oceanogr. 46(2):345-355. Compared DOC concentrations and characteristics along paths through pasture, native forest, and pine plantations. D, F, G, GW, DOM
264. Findlay, S. and W.V. Sobczak (1996) Variability in removal of dissolved organic carbon in hyporheic sediments. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 15(1):35-41. Measured changes in dissolved organic C as stream water passed through a large gravel bar. D; 3rd order; HZ; DOC
265. Findlay, S., D. Strayer, C. Goumbala and K. Gould (1993) Metabolism of streamwater dissolved organic carbon in the shallow hyporheic zone. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38(7):1493-1499. Study of groundwater dissolved organic carbon metabolism at a depth of 0.5 meter in a point gravel bar. D; HZ; 4th order; DOC
266. Fischer, H., M. Pusch and J. Schwoerbel (1996) Spatial distribution and respiration of bacteria in stream-bed sediments. Arch. Hydrobiol. 137:281-300. Measured bacterial biomass, productivity and respiration and correlated with POM in sediments. D; HZ; POM; 3rd order
267. Fischer, R.A., C.O. Martin and J.C. Fishenich (2000) Improving riparian buffer strips and corridors for water quality and wildlife. Pp. 457-462, in: Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. P.J. Wigington Jr. and R.L. Beschta (Eds.), Amer. Water Resourc. Assoc., Middleburg, VA. A management oriented review. R, M
268. Fisher, S.G. (1977) Organic matter processing by a stream-segment ecosystem: Fort River, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 62:701-727. A 1700 Meter Segment of Stream Channel on a Mixed Landuse Watershed. Directly Measured Forest Litter Inputs. D; F; 4th order; POM
269. Fisher, S.G., N.B. Grimm, E. Marti, R.M. Holmes and J.B. Jones Jr. (1998) Material spiraling in stream corridors: A telescoping ecosystem model. Ecosyst. 1:19-34. A conceptual model of spiraling along the stream corridor. R, GW, HZ
270. Fisher, S.G. and G.E. Likens (1973) Energy flow in Bear Brook, New Hampshire: an integrative approach to stream ecosystem metabolism. Ecol. Monographs 43:421-439. An Attempt to Determine a Complete Organic Matter Budget for a Completely Forested Watershed, Including Measures of Riparian Litter and Dissolved Organic Matter Inputs to the Stream Channel. D; F; MT; 2nd order; DOM; POM
271. Fisher, T.R., L.F.W. Lesack and L.K. Smith (1989) Input, recycling, and export of N and P on the Amazone floodplain at Lake Calado. Pp. 34-52, In: Phosphorus Cycles in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems, H.Tiessen, D. Lopez-Hernandez, and I.H. Salcedo (Eds.). SCOPE, UNEP. Proc. workshop in Maracay, Venezuela. A review of relevant literature. R
272. Fisher, T.R., K.M. Morrissey, P.R. Carlson, L.F. Alves and J.M. Melack (1988) Nitrate and ammonium uptake by plankton in an Amazon River floodplain lake. J. Plankton Res. 10(1): 7-29. Measured rates of uptake of nitrate and ammonium when the lake flooded with nutrient rich river waters. D; DAM; DPP
273. Fisher, T.R. and P.E. Parsley (1979) Amazon lakes: Water storage and nutrient stripping by algae. Limnol. Oceanogr. 24(3):547-553. Studied reduction of concentrations of nitrate and dissolved phosphate in waters after they flowed into floodplain lakes. D; DPP; NIT; DAM; POM
274. Flanagan, D.C., G.R. Foster, W.H. Neibling and J.P. Burt (1989) Simplified equations for filter strip design. Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric. Eng. 32:2001-2007. Simplified Version of CREAMS Model for Predicting Suspended Sediment Retention in Grass Filter Strips. D; G; OF; TSS
275. Flite, O.P. III, R.D. Shannon, R.R. Schnabel and R.R. Parizek (2001) Nitrate removal in a riparian wetland of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province. J. Environ. Qual. 30(1):254-261. Measured nitrate concentration patterns along a transect of shallow groundwater wells, also studied denitrification potentials in soils of a riparian wetland. D, F, GW, MT, NIT, Denit-L
276. Folster, J. (2000) The near-stream zone is a source of nitrogen in a Swedish forested catchment. J. Environ. Qual. 29:883-893. Studied the sources of and speciation of nitrogen in a stream draining a small forested watershed dominated by spruce. D, F, GW, DOM, DTKN, NIT, DAM
277. Ford, T.E. and R.J. Naiman (1989) Groundwater-surface water relationships in Boreal forest watersheds: Dissolved organic carbon and inorganic nitrient dynamics. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 46:41-49. Compared nutrient concentrations in groundwater and stream channel water and concluded that much of the DOC and nitrogen in the groundwater were utilized in the hyporheic zone. D; GW; HZ; DOM; DAM; NIT; DTKN; DTP; DPP
278. Forsberg, B.R., A.H. Devol, J.E. Richey, L.A. Martinelli and R. Dos Santos (1988) Factors controlling nutrient concentrations in Amazon floodplain lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33(1):41-56. Studied the changes in nutrients and TSS in river waters when isolated in floodplain lakes. D; DAM; NIT; DPP; TSS; TN; TP
279. Franklin, E.C., J.D. Gregory and M.D. Smolen (1992) Enhancement of the Effectiveness of Forested Filter Zones by Dispersion of Agricultural Runoff. Report No. UNC-WRRI-92-270. Raleigh, NC: Water Resources Research Inst., 28 pp. Used Level Spreaders to Disperse Storm Overland Flows from Cropland into Forested Riparian Zones. D; F; PT; OF; TSS; TP; DAM; NIT
280. Frasier, G.W., M.J. Trlica, W.C. Leininger, R.A. Pearce and A. Fernald (1998) Runoff from simulated rainfall in 2 montane riparian communities. J. Range Manage. 51:315-322. Studied overland flow generation in grassed plots with a rainfall simulator. D, G, OF, MT
281. Fredriksen, R.L., D.G. Moore and L.A. Norris (1975) The impact of timber harvest, fertilization, and herbicide treatment on streamwater quality in western Oregon and Washington. Pp. 283-313, In: Forest Soils and Forest Land Management, B. Bernier and C.H. Winget (Eds.). Quebec: Laval University Press. Comparisons of Concentrations of Suspended Sediments, Dissolved Nutrients, and Herbicides in Streams Draining Clear Cuts, Partial Cuts and Control Douglas Fir Forests in Oregon. D; F; TSS; HERB; NIT; DAM; DPP; DTKN
282. Friedman, J.M., M.L. Scott and W.M. Lewis Jr. (1995) Restoration of riparian forest using irrigation, artificial disturbance, and natural seedfall. Environ. Manage. 19:547-557. Tested effects on seedling establishment for cottonwood and willow in Colorado. D, M, F
283. Fustec, E., A. Mariotti, X. Grillo and J. Sajus (1991) Nitrate removal by denitrification in alluvial ground water: Role of a former channel. J. Hydrol. 123:337-354. Study of Agricultural Groundwater Rich in Nitrate Moving Through a River Meander before Entering Channel. Natural Abundance N-15 use to Infer Denitrification. Also Field Acetylene Block for Direct Measurement of Denitrification. D; GW; DAM; NIT; DOM; Fe; Denit-F; Flux
284. Gaffney, S.W. and S.M. Ross (1995) Field edge solute processes in fen peats of the Somerset moors. Pp. 199-221, In: Hydrology and Hydrochemistry of British Wetlands, J.M.R. Hughes and A.L. Heathwaite (Eds.). London: Wiley. Applied ammonium nitrate and bromide tracer to field plots and tracked movement in soil water to a drainage ditch. D; NIT; TR
285. Gambrell, R.P., J.W. Gilliam and S.B. Weed (1975) Denitrification in subsoils of the North Carolina coastal plain as affected by soil drainage. J. Environ. Qual. 4:311-316. Study of Groundwater Moving From Agricultural Fields to Stream along a Transect. Measured Nitrate Concentrations, Eh, and Inferred Denitrification. D; CP; GW; NIT; DOM; DAM
286. Gambrell, R.P., J.W. Gilliam and S.B. Weed (1975) Nitrogen losses from soils of the North Carolina coastal plain. J. Environ. Qual. 4:317- 323. Study of Movement of Nitrate From Agricultural Uplands Through Riparian Zone to Stream Channel. Measured Hydrological Budgets Including Overland Flow. Mass Balance for Total N. D; CP; OF; GW; ET; TN; NIT
287. Gehrels, J. and G. Mulamoottil (1989) The transformation and export of phosphorus from wetlands. Hydrol. Proc. 3:365-370. Measured hydrologic budget and flux of dissolved ortho phosphate and total P for one year in a wetland in Ontario receiving drainage from croplands. D; H; GW; OF; TP; DPP; MBal; SedTrap; ET
288. German, E.R. (1989) Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in an undeveloped wetland area, central Florida. Pp. 139-147, In: Wetlands: Concerns and Successes, D.W. Fisk (Ed.). Bethesda, MD: Amer. Water Resources Assoc. Input/Output Fluxes of Water and Nutrients From Upland Suburban and Agricultural Areas Through a Large Wetland. D; F; G; CP; TN; TP; NIT; DAM
289. German, B.K., K.C. Stone, R.G. Williams, D.W. Watts and J.M. Novak (2001) Using GLEAMS and REMM to estimate nutrient movement from a spray field and through a riparian forest. Trans. Amer. Soc. Agr. Eng. 44:505-512. Measured concentration patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus fractions in the soil profile and groundwater, then compared them to predictions using the models. D, M, G, GW, OF, CP, DAM, DPP, PTKN, NIT, TP
290. Gibert, J., J.A. Stanford, M.-J. Dole-Olivier and J.V. Ward (1994) Basic attributes of groundwater ecosystems and prospects for research. Pp. 7-40, In: Groundwater Ecology, J. Gibert, D.L. Danielopol, and J.A. Stanford (Eds.). Academic Press, New York. A wide-ranging review of the ecological aspects of groundwater ecosystems and their linkage to rivers. R
291. Gilliam, J.W. (1994) Upland wetlands and water quality. Pp. 102-106, In: Altered, Artificial, and Managed Wetlands. Focus: Agriculture and Forestry, J.A. Kusler and C. Lassonde (Eds.). Assoc. State Wetland Mngrs. A Review of Riparian Forest Interception of Nitrate in Shallow Groundwater. R; F; NIT; GW
292. Gilliam, J.W. (1994) Riparian wetlands and water quality. J. Environ. Qual. 23:896-900. A Review of Water Quality Buffering Effects of Riparian Vegetation Zones. R
293. Gilliam, J.W., G.M. Chescheir, R.W. Skaggs and R.G. Broadhead (1988) Effects of pumped agricultural drainage water on wetland water quality. Pp. 275-283, In: The Ecology and Management of Wetlands, D.D. Hook (Ed.). Portland, OR: Timber Press. Study of Nutrient and Sediment Removal in Forested Riparian Zones Subjected to Pumped Agricultural Drainage. D; F; CP; OF; GW; TSS; NIT; TP
294. Gilliam, J.W., R.B. Daniels and J.F. Lutz (1974) Nitrogen content of shallow ground water in the North Carolina coastal plain. J. Environ. Qual. 3:147-151. Study of 60 Groundwater Wells at 6 Sites on the Inner, Mid-, and Outer Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Nitrate Concentrations in Shallow Groundwater were High in the Middle of Crop Fields but low on the Edges Near Streams Draining Fields. True Whether the Riparian Zone was Forested or Cropped. D; CP; GW; NIT; DAM
295. Gilliam, J.W., J.E. Parsons and R.L. Mikkelsen (1997) Nitrogen dynamics and buffer zones. Pp. 54-61, In: Buffer Zones: Their Processes and Potential in Water Protection, N. Haycock, T. Burt, K. Goulding and G. Pinay (Eds.). Harpenden, U.K.: Quest Environmental. A broad review of the effectiveness of grassed and forested riparian buffers in removing nitrate and organic nitrogen. R; OF; GW; TSS; TN; NIT
296. Gilliam, J.W., R.W. Skaggs and C.W. Doty (1986) Controlled agricultural drainage: An alternative to riparian vegetation. Pp. 225- 243, In: Watershed Research Perspectives, D.L. Correll (Ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Press. Study of the Relative Efficiency of Nitrate Removal from Groundwater in Riparian Zones with and without Controlled Drainage Structures in the Channels. D; CP; GW; NIT; TN; TP; DTKN
297. Gilliam, J.W., R.W. Skaggs and S.B. Weed (1979) Drainage control to diminish nitrate loss from agricultural fields. J. Environ. Qual. 8:137-142. Controlled Drainage Structures Were Used to Improve Rates of Nitrate Removal from Cropland Drainage in Waterlogged Soils. Riparian Zone was Cropped. Redox Potentials Were Monitored. D; CP; GW; NIT
298. Girel, J. and G. Pautou (1997) The influence of sedimentation on vegetation structure. Pp. 93-112, In: Buffer Zones: Their Processes and Potential in Water Protection, N. Haycock, T. Burt, K. Goulding and G. Pinay (Eds.). Harpenden, UK: Quest Environmental. A review of the effects of riparian vegetation on sediment trapping and the effects of sediment trapping on riparian vegetation. R; TSS; OF; SedTrap
299. Gold, A.J., P.M. Groffman, K. Addy, D.Q. Kellogg and A.E. Rosenblatt (2000) The role of landscape setting in riparian groundwater nitrate removal. Pp. 113-117, in: Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. P.J. Wigington Jr. and R.L. Beschta (Eds.), Amer. Water Resourc. Assoc., Middleburg, VA. A review of past and present research by this group. R, NIT, GW
300. Gold, A.J., P.M. Groffman, K. Addy, D.Q. Kellogg, M. Stolt and A.E. Rosenblatt (2001) Landscape attributes as controls on ground water nitrate removal capacity of riparian zones. J. Am. Water Resourc. Assoc. 37:1457-1464. Tested for correlations between denitrification potentials in soils and geographic features such as presence of hydric soils and surface flow pathways. D, NIT, Denit-L
301. Gold, A.J. and D.Q. Kellogg (1997) Modelling internal processes of riparian buffer zones. Pp. 192-207, In: Buffer Zones: Their Processes and Potential in Water Protection, N. Haycock, T. Burt, K. Goulding and G. Pinay (Eds.). Harpenden, UK: Quest Environmental. A review and discussion of various modeling approaches to hydrology and nutrient dynamics of riparian zones. R; GW; NIT
302. Gold, A.J., P.A. Jacinthe, P.M. Groffman, W.R. Wright and R.H. Puffer (1998) Patchiness in groundwater nitrate removal in a riparian forest. J. Environ. Qual. 27:146-155. D; F; GW; NIT; Denit-L
303. Gove, N.E. and R.T. Edwards (2000) Identifying relationships between longitudinal water quality patterns and land cover: A question of scale. Pp. 517-522, in: Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. P.J. Wigington Jr. and R.L. Beschta (Eds.), Amer. Water Resourc. Assoc., Middleburg, VA. Mapped land cover in riparian, nearby and the remaining watershed. Looked for correlations with turbidity in stream reaches. D, F, TSS
304. Green, D.M. (1998) Recreational impacts on erosion and runoff in a central Arizona riparian area. J. Soil Water Conserv. 53(1):38-42. Used a rainfall simulator to study runnoff from plots in a riparian zone impacted by camping. D; F; OF
305. Gregory, S.V., F.J. Swanson, W.A. McKee and K.W. Cummins (1991) An ecosystem perspective of riparian zones. Bioscience 41(8):540-551. An Overall Review of Stream-Riparian Interactions of Diverse Types. R
306. Griffiths, R.P., J.A. Entry, E.R. Ingham and W.H. Emmingham (1997) Chemistry and microbial activity of forest and pasture riparian-zone soils along three Pacific Northwest streams. Plant & Soil 190:169-178. Measured seasonal soil chemistry in grassed and forested sites, also microbial biomass. D, F, G, PTKN, POM, PAM, PPP, Denit-L, BioStor
307. Gril, J.J., B. Real, L. Patty, M. Fagot and I. Perret (1997) Grassed buffer zones to limit concentrations of surface waters by pesticides; research and action in France. Pp. 70-73, In: Buffer Zones: Their Processes and Potential in Water Protection, N. Haycock, T. Burt, K. Goulding and G. Pinay (Eds.). Harpenden, UK: Quest Environmental. A brief review of efforts in France to evaluate the effectiveness of grassed buffers. R; G; OF; HERB; INS
308. Grimm, N.B. and S.G. Fisher (1984) Exchange between interstitial and surface water: implications for stream metabolism and nutrient cycling. Hydrobiol. 111: 219-228. Measured whole system light and dark oxygen budgets, and oxygen budgets and nitrate uptake of surface sediments and cored sediments. D; HZ; NIT
309. Grimm, N.B., H.M. Valett, E.H. Stanley and S.G. Fischer (1991) Contribution of the hyporheic zone to stability of an arid-land stream. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 24:1595-1599. Examined patterns of nitrate concentrations along a reach of a stream and in the intersitial waters of the stream sediments. D; GW; HZ; NIT
310. Grischek, T., K.M. Hiscock, T. Metschies, P.F. Dennis and W. Nestler (1998) Factors affecting denitrification during infiltration of river water into a sand and gravel aquifer in Saxony, Germany. Water Res. 32:450-460. Studied changes in nitrate concentration and N-15 abundance as Elbe River water infiltrated into the flood plain. Also used a laboratory microcosm system to simulate the effects of the flood plain. D, GW, NIT, Denit-F, Denit-L, Infil
311. Groffman, P.M. (1997) Contaminant effects on microbial functions in riparian buffer zones. Pp. 83-92, In: Buffer Zones: Their Processes and Potential in Water Protection, N. Haycock, T. Burt, K. Goulding and G. Pinay (Eds.). Harpenden, UK: Quest Environmental. A review with some new data on denitrification potential and microbial biomass in soils of riparian zones. R; GW; NIT; HERB; Denit-L
312. Groffman, P.M., E.A. Axelrod, J.L. Lemunyon and W.M. Sullivan (1991) Denitrification in grass and forest vegetated filter strips. J. Environ. Qual. 20(3):671-674. Compared denitrification potentials of soils in grassed and forested riparian buffers. D; F; G; Denit-L; NIT; pH; DOM
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