Contentious Issues in Anthropology
Fall 2004
Instructor: Raymond Hames
Anthropology 488/888
9 August 2004 = Last Update
Office: 228 Bessey Hall
Office Hours: Monday 2:00-4:00 Tuesday 8:00-9:00
Wednesday 9:30-11:00
Friday 8:00-10:30
E-mail
rhames@unl.edu
Phone # 472-6240, 2411; 474-6298 (home)
Course Web page: http://www.unl.edu/rhames/courses/current/current2004.htm
Class meeting: W 3:00-5:15 PM, Room 219 Bessey Hall
Aim and Scope of Course:
This is a three field course designed to acquaint advanced undergraduate and graduate students with current and sometimes controversial issues in anthropology. At the close of their graduate or undergraduate careers students often specialize in particular areas of study and seem to forget that anthropology is an interdisciplinary science (The same may be said of academics.). While it is impossible for anyone to keep abreast of all new developments across all fields of anthropology, students should be aware of basic research and theoretical issues in physical, archaeology, and cultural anthropology. The aim of this course is to make you knowledgeable and conversant in some of these issues.
All the readings present at least two sides of an issue (e.g., peopling
of the Americas, the Eve hypothesis) and most articles are direct comments
on proponents, ideas, theories, methods, and data. At times these debates
are quite heated (see especially the IQ, race, and class debate) and contestants
frequently resort to logical fallacies in order to make their points. You
will learn how to spot such tactics such as ad hominem ("if you
were better trained you would not have made such a stupid statement") ad
popularum (e.g., "the majority of anthropologists do not take this
position, therefore you are wrong"), and the naturalistic fallacy ("that
which is natural is good" or "that theory cannot be correct because it is
immoral"). Visit Brian Yoder's Fallacy
Zoo for a humorous examination of widely used logical fallacies.
Unfortunately, the page is not fully functional. An even better source on logical fallacies can be found at
Fallacy Files. But more importantly, I hope to give you some tips on evaluating
theory, methods, research design, and data analysis that will help you
determine the strengths and weaknesses of what you read.
Weekly Plan
Each week you will read the assigned articles held on reserve in the
Geology Library. I recommend that you copy them. Copies can be made in the
Geosciences Library but it may be cheaper to take them is the City Union Copy Center (phone:
2-6898, Room #121). When you come to the seminar to discuss the assigned
readings you should have made notes on each of the articles and an outline of
the 2.5 page (undergrads) or 4 page (grad) you will turn in next meeting.
The outline should describe the issue or issues, positions taken,
and your assessment of the controversy. The summary is due on the
next seminar date (e.g., summaries of week one are due day we meet
on week two). Randomly I will ask to see your notes and outlines, some
bring them with you. You will be
graded on your notes, summaries, and seminar participation. There will
be no final or term paper.
Guide to Writing Summaries
In writing your summaries try to organize them by focusing on the following questions:
What is (are) the issue under contention?
What are the positions taken by each side?
What kinds of evidence are used to support each position?
Is there a problem with the evidence? That is, is it suspect (e.g., poor quality or fragmentary) or not relevant?
Are there areas of agreement?
What is the theoretical orientation of each side?
What kind of additional evidence do we need to settle the controversy and what kind of research is the controversy promoting?
In many of our seminars a faculty guest or "local expert" will be present to serve as a resource in our discussion of the issues. Finally, I will ask the group to suggests topics that you feel are important and could replace one or more of the topics listed in the course syllabus.
There is a web site at Texas A& M University entitled "Anthropology in the News". It is an extremely useful "one click" source to keep abreast of fast-breaking findings, events, and controversial issues in the field.
Readings and Topics for Each Week (beginning with Week
2):
we have an organizational meeting on August 26th
Readings on Reserve. Unless otherwise indicated all readings are on reserve in the Geosciences Library. As often as possible I will create hyperlinks to them if I have electronic versions.
September 1
Essentialism and Race:

"Are Ethnic Groups Biological "Species" to the Human Brain?" Current Anthropology, 42 (4): 515-554 by Francisco Gil-White.
"Can Race be Erased?"
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98 (26):
15387-15392 by Robert Kurzban et al.
September 8
Intellectual Property Rights and Native Peoples

Readings on Reserve
Brush, Stephen (1993) "Indigenous Knowledge of Biological Resources and intellectual Property Rights: The Role of Anthropology" American Anthropologist 95(3): 653-671.
Greaves, Tom (1994) "IPR, A Current Survey".
Pinel, Sandra and Michael Evans "Tribal Sovereignty and the Control of Knowledge"
Kloppenbergh, Jack "No Hunting! Biodiversity, indigenous rights, and scientific poaching. Cultural Survival Quarterly (Summer 1991)
Thomasson, Gordon "Liberia's Seeds of Knowledge". Cultural Survival Quarterly (Summer 1991)
Web Sites Dealing with Intellectual Property and
Ethics
September 15
Male Hunting and Family Provisioning among Foragers

"Hunting and Nuclear Families". Hawkes, et al. 2001. Current Anthropology, 42(5): 681-708
"Male contribution to diet and Female Reproductive Success among Foragers. Frank Marlowe. Current Anthropology 42(5): 755-760 - please note file contains several articles, read pages 755-760.
September 22
Chimpanzee Infanticide and Warfare: unnatural
conditions or adaptive
behaviors?
Readings on Reserve

Wrangham, Richard "Evolution of Coalitionary Killing". Yearbook of Physical Anthropology. (1999)
Sussman, Robert "Myth of Man the Hunter/Man the Killer and the Evolution of Human Morality". In The Biological Bases of Human Behavior: A Critical Review.
Sussman, Robert et al. "Infant Killing as an Evolutionary Strategy: Reality or Myth?".
Sommer, Volker. "The Holy Wars about Infanticide: Which Side are you On? And Why? In Infanticide by Males and its Implications, Carel van Schaik and Charles Janson, eds. , 9-26, Cambridge University Press (2002).
Web Sites dealing with Chimpanzee "Politics"
September 29
Morally Engaged versus Scientific Anthropology

D'Andrade, R. (1995) "Objectivity and Militancy: A Debate. 1 Moral Models in Anthropology". Current Anthropology 36:399-440.
Schepher-Hughes (1995) "The Primacy of the Ethical". Current Anthropology 36:399-440.
Web Sites dealing with Science and Postmodernism
October 6
Conservation and
Overkill
Readings on Reserve
"The archaeological record of human impacts on animal populations". Journal of World Prehistory, 15(1): 1-68.
"Conservation and subsistence in small scale societies". Annual Review of Anthropology, 29:493-524.
Ecology as Religion. From The Origins of Virtue. Matt Ridley
Web Readings
Wildlife
Utilization in Latin America (United Nations Food and Agricultural
Organization publication)
Tragedy of
the Commons
October 13
NAGPRA and Kennewick Issues
Readings on Reserve

Robert M. Peregoy, 1999, "Nebraska's Landmark Repatriation Law: A Study of Cross-Cultural Conflict and Resolution," in Troy R. Johnson, ed., Contemporary Native American Political Issues, Altamira Press,, pp. 229-274
Roger Echo-Hawk, 1997, "Forging a New Ancient History for Native America," in Nina Swidler, Kurt Dongoske, Roger Anyon, Alan Downer, eds., Native Americans and Archaeologists: Stepping Stones to Common Ground, Altamira Press,88-102
Web Sites Dealing with NAGPRA and Kennewick: required readings
Collection of initial to most recent articles on Kennewick from The Oregonian
Nova (PBS) presentation of Kennewick with rotatable 3-d image
Web Sites Dealing with pre-Clovis Finds
Coastal Navigators (general site on "First American" and related issues)
Local Expert: Melissa Connor
October 20
Evolution and Female Status

Readings on Reserve
Campbell, Anne, (1999) Staying alive: Evolution, culture, and women's intrasexual aggression. Behavior and Brain Sciences 22, 203-252. Be sure to read commentaries and response and be ready to discuss at least one commentary you believe is insightful.
Smuts, Barbara (1991) "Male Aggression against Women". Human
Nature,
33:405-47.
Lepowsky versus Goldberg
Web resources on Matriarchy
Goddess Theory
Local Expert: Dr. Patricia Draper
October 27
Quack Anthropology and Forbidden Behavioral Science
Readings on Reserve or on the Web
"Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs" Current Anthropology 38: 419-441 (1997). Be patient: 6MB file.
"The Nature and Dangers of Cult Archaeology". William Stiebing.
"Educational Experience and Belief in Paranormal Phenomena". Thomas Gray.
"Our Leaders at Work: Congress Condemns a Study on the Consequence of Sex Abuse"
Web sites dealing with quack anthropology and science (most have numerous links to other sites dealing with diverse topic)
Click here for "Talk Origins" the premier anti-creationist site.
Click here for an amusing letter (allegedly sent to the Smithsonian)
November 3
Does Race Exist?

Readings on Reserve
Templeton, A. 1999 "Human Races: A Genetic and Evolutionary Perspective"
Cartmill, M 1999 "The status of the race concept in physical anthropology"
Sparks and Jantz (2003). A reassessment of human cranial plasticity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Late Breaking News on the Reanalysis
Science Magazine reports on the controversy over the Boas reanalysis
American Anthropologist pre-publishes report that says that Boas was correct
Web Sites Dealing with Race
November 10
Indigenous People and Activism
Readings on Reserve
Kuper, A. (2003) "The Return of the Native".
Current Anthropology 44(3): 389-402
Suzman, J. (2003) "Kalahari Conundrums". Before Farming 2002/3_4 (12):1-10
November 17
The Evolution of Menopause

Hawkes et al.
"Hadza
Women's Time Allocation, Offspring Provisioning, and the Evolution of Long
Postmenopausal Life Spans". Current Anthropology. (1997)
Jocelyn Peccei
"Menopause:
Adaptation or Epiphenomenon? Evolutionary Anthropology.
(2001)
November 24
Thanksgiving: go home!

December 1
Museums & Anthropology
Readings on Reserve (no on-line readings)
"Do Museums Misrepresent Ethnic Communities Around the World?"
"Yes": James Clifford
"No": Denis Dutton
"Power and Objects and a Voice for Anthropology. Jonathan Haas. Current Anthropology 37:S1-S22 (1997)
December 8
The Peopling of the Americas: The Solutrean Connection
Film: Who Were the First Americans? (Recently aired on National Geographic)
Visit the film's web page at http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature3/index.html
Click here to download an
archaeological map from program
Please note: the file is 7 MB!
Local expert: Dr. Peter Bleed & LuAnn
Wandsnider