History professor Gary Moulton, editor of the Journals of Lewis and Clark, continues his 20-year project with a final abridged edition, due out soon. Moulton was honored with a 2001 NU Outstanding Research and Creativity Award.

Editing Journals Took 10 Times Longer than Living Them

Moulton's Scholarship Unparalleled in Lewis & Clark Studies

By Kelly Bartling, Public Relations

When Gary Moulton began his expedition into the editing of the journals of Lewis and Clark, he encountered the explorers' recurring phrase: "We proceeded on."

So in 1979 when Moulton began his job at the Center for Great Plains Studies editing the historic journals, he had no idea that the Lewis and Clark theme would become his own. He likewise "proceeded on."

"When I first started this project, I had no idea of the breadth and depth of the materials," said Moulton, reflecting on his hiring as editor for the Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. "I never envisioned 13 volumes, or taking 20 years!"

He remembers that he soon discovered the materials were so vast that his task seemed "incomprehensible." He admits feeling slightly panicked.

"For me, the most exciting moment in this research project came when I said 'Whew!' when I realized I could do it. I was finished with the first volume and well into the second, and I realized, 'I can do this'."

Much like, perhaps, how Meriwether Lewis and William Clark must have felt on the various parts of their western expedition.

Now credited with completing one of the finest and comprehensive collections of documentary editing, Moulton is finishing a final abridged Lewis and Clark edition, and continuing his role as UNL history professor and expert on the American West. His 20-year research nearly finished, he is honored as a recipient of a 2001 NU Outstanding Research and Creative Activity Award.

Currently studying in Virginia at Monticello as a resident fellow at the International Center for Jefferson Studies, Moulton is finishing his one-volume Lewis and Clark journal abridgement - editing 5,500 pages to one volume. That task is also requiring nerves of steel.

"It is agonizing, because every word is precious," he admitted. "I am trying to set a standard for myself on how much to cut, but it is terribly difficult. Every day I think I'm leaving too much, and that I'll come back and cut it later."

This historian and documentary editor got his start in a specialized field as editor of The Papers of Chief John Ross, a four-year project by the National Archives. He earned his Ph.D. and his M.A. at Oklahoma State University, and then became assistant professor of history at Southwestern Oklahoma State University where he worked on the John Ross project. The advertisement for editor of

the Lewis and Clark Journals for University of Nebraska Press caught his eye.

"I've always said I was blessed by being chosen for this project. It has been challenging intellectually and has been exciting," he said. "I

still stop and think myself once in a while about how great this has been. I've had opportunities that I never even considered. Of course there were all those days sitting at a desk and a keyboard but it has been tremendous."

It has been an expedition, much like Lewis and Clark's, where Moulton has learned about botany, science, astronomy, cartography and the details of documents and history. He quickly became passionate about the discoverers.

"I never tired of their diaries. Lewis and Clark have such an exciting story, a story of success," he said. "They faced down difficulty, and they succeeded with friendliness, amicability, and did it without the conquering notion."

Over two decades of research and with each subsequent volume published, Moulton's stature as an expert has risen, as have requests for speeches and papers, and consultation on projects, like documentaries and movies. He has served as a tour guide, on committees for designing the Sacagawea coin and various Lewis and Clark interpretive centers, and now is involved in planning Lewis and Clark Bicentennial celebrations, which begin in 2003.

Although he is an expert on the expedition, he has never been tempted to write a "popular historical account," saying it is not his strength.

He has taught history at UNL and teaches documentary editing, a discipline that has grown. He will be a visiting professor at the University of Montana next fall, a state explored widely by Lewis and Clark.

His ORCA award brings Moulton sense of pride, and colleagues said it is due.

"As a renowned and accomplished scholar who has earned an international reputation, as an articulate and energetic advocate for history and education in general, and as a splendid representative of his profession and the University of Nebraska community, Gary Moulton is an eminent recipient of the award," wrote Kenneth Winkle, chair of history, in nomination.

Prem Paul Named Research VC

Prem S. Paul, associate vice provost for research at Iowa State University, has been named vice chancellor for research at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, pending approval by the NU board of regents.

"Prem Paul brings a strong background in research and administration to the vice chancellor position," said UNL Chancellor Harvey Perlman. "He has an understanding of the land-grant mission, he received strong support from across the university, and he will provide the leadership and team-building necessary to continue the progress we have made toward our goal of becoming a nationally competitive research university."

Paul, whose term will begin July 1, has been associate vice provost for research at Iowa State since Jan. 1, 2000. He has been a faculty member at ISU since 1985 and during that time he held various administrative positions, including serving as associate dean for research and graduate studies in the College of Veterinary Medicine and assistant director in the Experiment Station from 1993 to 1999.

Paul brings a scientific background in veterinary microbiology and preventive medicine to the research position. After earning a doctor of veterinary medicine degree at the College of Veterinary Sciences at Panjab Agricultural University in India in 1969 and a Ph.D. in veterinary microbiology/virology at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities in 1975, he served as a research associate for three years in the department of large animal clinical sciences at UMTC.

From 1978 to 1985, Paul was veterinary medical officer for swine reproductive diseases at the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Animal Disease Center in Ames, Iowa.

"I strongly believe that the key to enhancing UNL's research effort is collaboration, not just among our faculty, but with the other institutions in the NU system and the Nebraska business community," Paul said. "I feel that a strong university enhances the economic and cultural life of Nebraska and I'm looking forward to working with people throughout the state."

The 17th & R parking garage, shown here, is scheduled to open this fall. It will bring around 1700 much-needed spaces, as well as commercial vendors whose income will offset the increased burden on permit holders.

Rate Increases Enter Year Three of Four­Year Plan

17th & R Parking Garage on Schedule for Fall Use

by Sally Buchholz, Public Relations

The Parking Advisory Committee recently approved the third year of permit rate increases that were outlined in a four-year plan in 1999.

At that time, the university community was bracing itself for a parking crunch. Members of the university's Parking Advisory Committee, representing student government, UNOPA, UAAD, and the Academic Senate, agreed with parking officials that even though UNL is located in the spacious Great Plains, it had become a landlocked campus, much like many of our metropolitan peers. The only way to increase parking capacity would be to build up, not out, and the Committee was presented with a plan for a new parking garage and the financial support that would be required to build it.

Today, a new parking garage is rising up at the corner of 17th and R streets, and after evaluating the Parking and Transit Services budget, the Advisory Committee agreed that the rate plan is still on target. The garage is on schedule to be completed before the beginning of the fall semester, and discussions with potential vendors who will occupy the structure's first floor space are under way. The income from these commercial tenants was built into the financial plan to offset some of the burden on permit holders.

Since the 1999 plan was implemented, other revenue sources, such as special events parking, meter and garage rates, and citation fees, have generated new revenue of more than $200,000.

Christine Jackson, vice chancellor for business and finance, says that she and her staff are continually looking for other revenue sources and cost savings to control permit increases.

"When permit prices remained unchanged in past years, implementing the current plan has been very difficult for the campus, I know," Jackson said. "Many other universities increase parking rates steadily over time and build up cash reserves for major parking facilities. At UNL the philosophy has been 'pay as you go,' therefore, these rate hikes are difficult."

Because monthly parking paid through payroll deduction is not subject to federal taxes, faculty and staff who use payroll deduction also save about 20 percent off of the permit price, a savings of about $6 per month for a non-reserved permit. UNL rates also compare favorably to Lincoln's City-owned garages, which charge $60 for monthly parking and $70-75 per month for reserved and secured parking.

Tad McDowell, director of Parking and Transit Services, points out that he and his staff try to keep rate increases under control and offer permit holders more value for their dollar.

"The perimeter parking option, the campus transit system, and our StarTran bus pass program continue to expand and offer the campus community some alternatives to permit increases," McDowell said.

Four-Year Plan for Monthly Permit Rates

Permit Type	1999-00	2000-01	2001-02	2002-03
Faculty/staff non-reserved	$17	$22	$25	$30
Faculty/staff reserved	$40	$55	$65	$75
Student non-reserved	$13	$18	$22	$25
Student reserved	$35	$45	$55	$65
Perimeter	$5	$8	$10	$12

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Recent Gifts Boost UNL's Wright Morris Holdings

By Robb Crouch, NU Foundation

A gift to the University of Nebraska-Lincoln by the widow of author Wright Morris makes UNL the owner of the largest Wright Morris photography collection and one of two research institutions with major collections of writings by the celebrated Nebraska native.

Josephine recently gave the University of Nebraska Foundation more than 50 original photographs printed by her late husband and valued at more than $115,000. Her gift includes 39 photographs for Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery and Sculpture Garden and a portfolio of 12 photographs for Archives and Special Collections at UNL Libraries.

"The Wright Morris photographs add substantially to the Sheldon's significant photography collection," said Dan Siedell, Sheldon curator. "They provide an in-depth view of an important American photographer and contribute significantly to our exhibition and research activities in the area of Ameri-can history and photography."

Katherine Walter, chair of special collections and preservations for UNL Libraries, said the gifts are a tremendous benefit to the university.

"The university is developing a fine collection of materials related to Wright Morris, and the donated portfolio is a remar-kable example of his photographic work," she said.

Aside from the University of Nebraska, the only other university with comparable collections of Wright Morris' manuscripts is the University of California at Berkeley. According to Josephine Morris, the Wright Morris photograph collection at Sheldon exceeds in quality and breadth the Morris collections at the University of Arizona's Center for Creative Photogra-phy, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Stanford University Museum of Art and numerous other museums.

Josephine Morris said she selected the pieces for the University of Nebraska because it is important that people have the opportunity to enjoy and study art, including her husband's writings and photographs.

"Like many art collections, they enrich the place to which they're given and make it accessible," she said from her home in Mill Valley, Calif. "I think it's wonderful that people provide art to museums so that others can enjoy it. It's so much better than simply leaving it in a storage trunk where no one can enjoy it."

In addition to the photographs, Josephine Morris allowed the university to purchase The Wright Morris Personal Library. This collection of several hundred volumes is valued at $67,000 and is especially important to scholars around the country because of Morris' handwritten annotations. The collection also includes two fine bindings created by the author and important first editions of noted 19th- and 20th-century authors.

"A collection of this nature is a scholar's dream," said Walter. "It offers insights into Morris' thinking, his teaching and his writing. He had a profound sense of place and wrote brilliant - and sometimes troubling - pieces about relationships and the land. The scenes in his writing come vividly to life in his photography."

The public's first opportunity to view selections of these works is April 1 to May 25 at the Christlieb Gallery at the Great Plains Art Collection at Hewit Place, 1155 Q St.

This exhibition is coordinated with "Five Voices One Place," the Center for Great Plains Studies' 25th annual interdisciplinary symposium on April 6 and 7 at UNL. Wright Morris is one of five writers featured during the symposium focusing on Great Plains writers.

Wright Morris was born in Central City on Jan. 6, 1910, and died in April 1998.

Long regarded as one of the most gifted American writers, Wright Morris was author of more than 33 award-winning books, among them the National Book Award in 1956 for A Field of Vision. His novel, Plains Song, won the 1981 American Book Award for Fiction. The University of Nebraska Press published several titles in reprint editions.

Many of Morris' photographs and novels feature Nebraska settings and his experiences in the state.

Grad Student's Sweet Method for Threatening Mites

By Molly Klocksin, IANR News

Beekeepers are buzzing about a University of Nebraska-Lincoln graduate student's simple, efficient technique to check for a parasitic invader that is destroying bee colonies worldwide.

Paula Macedo, 28, of Lincoln found that dusting caged honey bees with powdered sugar causes varroa mites to lose their hold. She made the discovery in 1999 while seeking ways to recover the mites for tests in a UNL lab.

Macedo's research required 360 bees for each test. While painstakingly picking mites from bee pupae, she said, "I thought, 'there must be some simpler way.'"

Macedo and her adviser, Marion Ellis, an Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources entomologist, consulted scientific journals. They found that researchers previously had applied dust to colonies in attempts to control mites but got poor results, as the dusts failed to penetrate the bee clusters and nest materials.

Macedo and Ellis decided to try applying dust to bees in a jar, isolated from their nest.

"We didn't think it was going to work that well," she said. To her surprise, "the mites just came down like rain."

Early detection of varroa mites is key to preventing infestations from wiping out bee colonies. Once detected, beekeepers can take steps to control mites.

Ellis believes Macedo's detection technique works partly because it may be difficult for varroa mites coated with powdered sugar to stick to bees. In addition, powdered sugar stimulates both the mites and bees to groom themselves.

"The beauty of it is it's so simple and inexpensive," Ellis said.

Other techniques they'd previously used to detect mites were labor-intensive, less effective and had undesirable side effects or limitations. In contrast, Macedo's method recovers up to 90 percent of mites from honey bees, works year-round, is non-toxic to bees and allows them to be returned to their colonies unharmed.

Macedo, a native of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, expects to earn her master's in entomology in August. She plans to pursue a doctorate at UNL and eventually to teach and conduct university research.

Varroa mites were first found in the United States in 1987. They must feed on both adult and immature honey bees to reproduce.

Details about how to use powered sugar to find mites are available on the UNL entomology department web site at: http://entomology.unl.edu/beekpg /. Click on the January 2000 issue of Bee Tidings, which provides the information.

U.S. to Prevent Entrance of Foot-and-Mouth Disease

By Heather Corley, IANR News

While foot-and-mouth disease is making headlines in Europe and elsewhere, officials in the United States are working hard to keep the financially devastating disease out of this country, a University of Nebraska dairy and beef veterinarian said.

"The United States has an active surveillance program to prevent the disease from entering the country," said David Smith, an Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources veterinarian. "This disease has long been recognized as one of the most economically devastating diseases of livestock. If an outbreak occurred, there would be no food safety issue as humans do not get the disease, but the price of meat could increase because of limited supply."

Foot-and-mouth disease, which has not been found in the United States since 1929, is an extremely contagious virus that affects cloven-hooved animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep and deer. Symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease include lameness, excessive salivation, reluctance to eat, abortion and blisters on the mouth and feet. The disease is usually not fatal but infected animals are slow to recover, which affects meat and dairy production, Smith said. Infected animals must be destroyed to prevent further spread of the disease, adding to the financial burden of producers who then must replace their herds.

"The virus is easily transmitted through direct contact between animals or through movement of contaminated vehicles, shoes, clothing or food," he said. "It can survive in the environment for up to one month."

Smith stressed that the U.S. Department of Agriculture maintains an active program to prevent foot-and-mouth disease from entering the country.

"USDA controls movement of all livestock into the United States. This country doesn't bring in meat, milk or livestock from countries that have foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks," he said. "These efforts have been strengthened since the outbreak in Europe."

People returning from foot-and-mouth disease-infected countries also must help prevent the spread of the disease.

"Travelers present a difficult-to-control risk for introduction of the virus into this country," Smith said. "Travelers and their pets that have been on farms in countries with foot-and-mouth disease should not visit U.S. farms, ranches or zoos for at least one week."

Travelers should comply with all requests and recommendations of USDA officials. Those requests may include washing all clothing and disinfecting shoes and suitcases, Smith said. Travelers should not try to sneak in meat or dairy products from other countries, he said.

"Veterinarians and livestock producers should also be on constant watch for disease symptoms and report any suspicions to USDA veterinarians immediately," Smith said.

There is also some concern that the disease can be transported internationally in the food served on airliners.

"If the food was prepared in an infected country, it then has the potential to become garbage in this country," Smith said. "The problem then is that the garbage could be fed to hogs."

Smith said state law governs the feeding of garbage to livestock. In states where it is legal, the garbage must be cooked to limit the potential for contamination. Nebraska does not allow producers to feed garbage to livestock.

A foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in Nebraska could wreak havoc on the state's $5.1 billion livestock industry and would shut down meat exports, Smith said.

"If foot-and-mouth disease became a problem here, we could not market livestock, meat, or milk products internationally because many countries wouldn't take them," he said. "If the outbreak were limited to one region of the country, there would also be severe restrictions on movement of products from that area."

With security measures in place, the chance that foot-and-mouth disease will reach the United States is small. If the disease did reach this country, USDA has specific plans to keep the disease from spreading.

"If a diagnosis were confirmed by USDA, that farm would be quarantined, the herd would be depopulated and tests would be performed on herds within a zone around the farm to see if the disease had spread," Smith said. "There would be swift action to prevent the disease from getting any further."

For more information on foot-and-mouth disease, call USDA's toll-free telephone center at (800)601-9327. The center is staffed by veterinarians and import/export experts from USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Information also is available on the web at http://www.usda.gov/speci al/fmd/fmd.html.