
Inclusion
of Students
 
with
Severe Disabilities
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| Full
inclusion is a term commonly applied to the practice of educating students
with moderate and severe disabilities alongside their chronological age
peers without disabilities in general education classrooms within their
neighborhood schools. There is a growing database addressing emergent issues
in the full inclusion of students with severe disabilities including parents'
perceptions of inclusion, practices in inclusive classrooms, the cost of
inclusion, educational achievement outcomes in inclusive classrooms, and
social relationships and friendships in inclusive schools.
Two
classroom teachers' thoughts on inclusion:
"In
the past we had tried to include students on a part-time basis [mainstreaming],
but it wasn't until the students were included full time that the kids'
and teachers' attitudes changed about who belonged in their class..."
"...At
first, I was very hesitant; I wasn't sure what to do. Then I realized,
teach them as I teach the other children; just treat them as one of the
class, then the other students will too."
(Taken
from the National Association of State Boards of Education, 1995. Winning
Ways: Creating inclusive schools, classrooms and communities.) |
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Center
on Human Policy--This site provides journal
article abstracts across a variety of topics. One topic area is Education:inclusion.
Circle
of Inclusion -- The Circle of Inclusion Web Site is for early
childhood service providers and families of young children. This
site offers demonstrations of and information about current effective
practices for including children from birth through age 8 with disabilities
in early childhood settings. In this site you can find inclusive
early childhood programs based on research which has been under development
for approximately ten years. Take a virtual tour of several inclusive
early childhood programs. Listen to what parents of children attending
these programs have to say about their experiences. Read about what
has worked for personnel in these programs. You can also downroad
useful form, materials, and checklist for developing and implementing inclusive
services.
Inclusion
Resources -- This site provides descriptions of resources for
special education and general education teachers and staff.
The
Inclusion Network --This network was formed to help raise awareness
of inclusion, recognize exemplary inclusive efforts, provide technical
assistance, and link individuals with and without disabilities.
Yahoo
Search on Inclusion -- This site directs you to lots of useful
links related to "Inclusion."
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| Books/Manuals
Giangreco, M.F. (1997). Quick Guides to inclusion.Baltimore:
Paul H. Brookes Pub. Co.
This is
exactly what it says, a quick quide with one page entries which address
frequently asked questions or areas of concerns/problems when creating
inclusive education opportunities for children. This would be especially
useful for providing brief, to the point information to first-timers, or
those who are leery of the whole process.
Hamill, L.B., & Dever, R.B. (1998). Preparing for
inclusion: Secondary teachers describe their professional experiences.American
Secondary Education. Fall, 1998, 27:1, pp. 18-26.
Thought
provoking in terms of areas to consider when working with teachers to create
inclusive educational opportunities. Gives good perspective as to
teachers' thinking regarding inclusion.
Putnam, J.W. (1998). Cooperative learning and strategies
for inclusion: Celebrating diversity in the classroom.
(2nd Ed.) Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Pub. Co.
A guide
to effectively using cooperative learning in the classroom with attention
to the elements identified by research as critical for teh success of the
method. Gets into what is necessary for using cooperative learning
in the classroom in such a way that it supports all students ( i.e., more
than just "putting students in groups").
Salend, S., Duhaney, J., & Laurel, M.G. (1999). The
impact of inclusion on students with and without disabilities and their
educators.Remedial and Special Education, Mar/April, 20:2,
114-26.
An even-handed
review of the effects of inclusion from the perspectives of academic gain,
social gain, effect on non-disabled peers, and acceptance by teachers though
conclusions drawn are nothing really new. Provides a lengthy bibliography.
Roach, V., Ascroft, J., Stamp, A., & Kysilko,
D. (Eds.) (1995). Winning ways: Creating inclusive schools, classrooms
and communities. National Association of State Boards of Education.
This
book presents implementation of inclusion from a variety of perspectives
including: parents, teachers, and administrators. Chapters focus on individual
perspectives which include recommendations. Field data is also included.
AGH Associates. Looking at the process through the eyes of the classroom
teacher. Inclusion: A Teacher's Guide. Hampton, NH: AGH Associates
Inc.
A
guide for classroom teachers who have been asked to include all children
in their age-appropriate classrooms. Includes information on curriculum
planning, instructional design, the IEP process, collaborative teaming,
syndromes and disabilities.
AGH Associates. Supporting the process of inclusion--Supporting children
in the regular education classroom: A handbook for integrating aides.
Hampton, NH: AGH Associates Inc.
An
easy to read reference for persons responsible for integrating all children
into the general education classroom, with an emphasis on including children
with severe needs. Each chapter contains instructional and performance
objectives. Topics include child development, the role of teachers' aides,
working with therapists, and emergency procedures.
AGH Associates. Supporting the process of inclusion--Supporting children
in the regular education classroom: A handbook for integrating therapists.
Hampton, NH: AGH Associates Inc.
This
guide for occupational therapists, physical therapists and speech-language
pathologists contains a plan for moving from a traditional pull-out model
of direct services to an integrated therapy approach. Topics include the
educational v. medical model, the therapist's role, teamwork, program monitoring,
and implementation of the plan.
Stainback, S., & Stainback, W. (1996). Inclusion: A guide for
educators. Baltimore: Paul H. Brooks Publishing Co.
Includes
specific strategies in working with children with learning and behavior
problems, achieving positive results in the classroom, and collaborating
with students, families and other school personnel, as well as information
on AAC systems, technical assistance, and diversity issues.
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| Journals/Bulletins
Inclusive
Education Programs: Advice on Educating Students with Disabilities in Regular
Settings. LRP Publications.
Equity
and Excellence. School Restructuring and Inclusive Education
Project, Institute on Disability, Morrill Hall, University of New Hampshire,
Durham, NH 03824. (603) 862-0426.
National
Center on Educational Restructuring and Inclusion. The Graduate
School and University Center, 33 West 42 Street, New York, NY 10036.
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| Publication
Sources about Adaptations
Ebelling, D.G., Deschenes, C., Sprague, J. (1994).
Adapting curriculum & instruction in inclusive classrooms: Teachers
desk reference. Bloomington, IN: The Center for School and Community
Integration Institute for the Study of Devleopmental Disabilities.
Small desk reference
with descriptions of adaptations and sample adaptation work sheets for
many subjects both at the elementary and secondary levels.
Ordering Information:
Available by MAIL ONLY! Write to the address below with a letter
indicating the title of the book, the address to mail it to, and a check
or purchase order for the total cost
The Center for School
& Community Integration Institute for the Study of Developmental Disabilities
Attention: Publications
Department
2853 East Tenth
Street
Bloomington, Indiana
47408-2601
Cost: $13.50
Ford, A., Messenheimer-Young, T., Fitzgerald, M., Toshner,
J., Dyer, C., & Glodoski, J. (1995) Inclusive education:
Team planning packets. Milwaukee: Wisconsin School Inclusion
Project.
This packet was
designed to assist teams who share responsibility for a group of students,
including students with disabilities at the preschool, elementary, middle
or high school level. It includes strategies and worksheets for accommodating
and adapting curriculum.
Ordering Information:
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Wisconsin School
Inclusion Project
Exceptional Education
Department
P.O. Box 413
Milwaukee, WI
53201
or call 1-414-229-5680
Cost: $9.00
Tarasoff, M. (1993) Reading instruction that makes
sense: Black line masters. Canada: Active Learning Institute.
Collection of worksheets
to be used in teaching reading comprehension, responding skills, and writing
skills for younger and older students.
Ordering Information:
Active Learning
Institute
P.O. Box 6275
Victoria, B.C. V8P
5L5
CANADA
Fax #: 1-604-477-9105
or call 1-604-477-0105
Cost: $12.95
York-Barr, J., (1996) Creating inclusive school
communities: A staff development series for general and special educators.
Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing Co.
This is a set of
5 modules for staff development. It is structured for a facilitator to
luse to lead training sessions. Instructions are included for both
the facilitator and the participants. Through group activities, participants
will learn how to develop school- and classroom-level strategies
for assisting students in forming relationships and acquiring skills to
support the learning of fellow classmates.
Ordering Information:
Department A
Brookes Publishing
Co.
Post Office Box
10624
Baltimore, MD
21285-0624
Fax #: 1-410-337-8539
or call 1-800-638-3775
Cost: $300.00
per complete set (modules are available separately)
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Direct questions
or comments: to Dr. Ellin Siegel esiegel1@unl.edu
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