Answers to Application Questions

Question 10: Toulmin's use of a qualifier in his model suggests that

Answer Choices:

(a) Toulmin felt most arguments are wrong. Sorry. Toulmin assumed that the "right or wrongness" of an argument is determined by the audience. To say that "most artuments are wrong" would be guilty of making universal laws of logic -- something that Toulmin was trying to avoid.
(b) We should be seeking absolute, universal truth. Sorry. The qualifier assumes that no argument is 100% true. And, is there such a thing as absolute, universal truth?
(c) Arguments are rarely "right or wrong," but usually somewhere in between. Correct! Arguments that are "right" for one audience may be totally "wrong" to another. Thus, the qualifier is the speaker's way of stating how probable he/she thinks the argument is for that audience.
(d) All of the above. Sorry. See the above explanations.

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