The Escalation of Social Revolution
Category Specific Activities
Step 1: Active Concern Community meetings, petition
courts, letters to the editor,
media advertisement, lobby,
petition city council/county
commissions, organize opposition
groups, distribute hand bills,
appeal to state and federal
officials, voting drives, run for
office, join political action
committees
Step 2: Demonstrative Demonstrations, media campaigns,
lawful picketing, rallies
Step 3: Resistance Defy court orders, strike, unlawful
picketing, verbal assaults
Step 4: Aggressive Kidnapping, threats, vandalize
government/industry property,
violent street demonstrations
Step 5: Open Rebellion Harm government/industry officials,
physical confrontations, rioting
Step 6: Terrorism Substep 1 - Isolated specific acts
of sabotage, bomb/burn buildings
Substep 2 - Isolated specific
assassinations
Substep 3 - Localized guerilla
operations
Substep 4 - International guerilla
operations
Step 7: Revolution Open warfare
* adapted from Paul Wilkinson, Terrorism and the Liberal State,
New York: New York University Press, 1979, pp. 33.