Terrorism: Mid-Term Study Guide 1. Define terrorism from the perspective of: a. Combs b. Encyclopedia Britannica c. Fatah d. Lyman and Potter e. Poland f. U.S. Intelligence and Surveillance Act g. Wilkinson 2. Review the following typologies of terrorism a. power (White) b. purpose (Lyman and Potter) c. type of terror (Combs) 3. Explain the typology of terrorism that shows both the source and the target of terrorism, and give examples of each. 4. Discuss White's five forms of terrorism, and give examples of each. 5. Discuss Hacker's typology of terrorists. Give examples of each category, as well as cross-category examples. 6. What are the characteristics of the successful terrorist as outlined by O'Ballance. 7. Differentiate between criminal terrorism and political terrorism as outlined by Wilkinson, and give examples of each. 8. Discuss the concepts suggested in the phrase, "one man's justice is another's terrorism". 9. Differentiate between a freedom fighter and a terrorist. Refer to the arguments of Senator Henry Jackson in your answer. Do you support his position? Why or why not? 10. Give the seven levels of acceptability of civil disobedience and the name of at least one philosopher or school of thought for each level.
11. Outline the basic concepts regarding civil disobedience and terrorism espoused by the following persons or groups: a. St. Thomas Aquinas b. Enlightened Christian c. Frantz Fanon d. Mohandas 'Mahatma' Gandhi e. Che Guevara f. Greco-Roman perspective g. Thomas Hobbes h. Thomas Jefferson i. John Locke j. Machiavelli and the doctrine of Raison d'Etat k. Carlos Marighella l. Orthodox Christian m. Jean-Paul Sartre n. Henry David Thoreau o. James Q. Wilson 12. Review the perspective of St. Thomas Aquinas relative to assassination. He presents five questions that must be answered in the affirmative. 13. Differentiate between the philosophies of civil disobedience as espoused by Thoreau and Gandhi. 14. Explain the seven steps in Wilkinson's escalation of social revolution. 15. List the reasons Rustin gives to support his argument in behalf of the need for civil disobedience. 16. List and discuss the six questions Rustin argues we must be able to answer positively in order to be able to engage in civil disobedience. 17. Review and discuss Hagan's, Seven Myths Regarding Terrorism. 18. Give a number of reasons why Americans seem to be targeted by terrorists perhaps more than those of any other nationality. 19. Review Richard Ofshe's study of Synanon. How are organizations able to get its members to commit acts of violence? Discuss the ways Synanon kept people for leaving the organization. 20. List and discuss the five factors that are contributing to violence and terrorism in South and Central America. 21. List and discuss the factors that seemed to fuel and then cool interest in contemporary American right-wing radicalism. Be able to give some detail regarding the Waco and Ruby Ridge incidents.
22. Discuss the concerns that fuel the anti-American sentiments among the Islamic fundamentalists.
23. Discuss the history, development and general philosophy of the following groups: a. Irish Republican Army (IRA) b. Ku Klux Klan (KKK) c. Palestine Liberation Organization (include a discussion of the various sub-groups [ALF, PFLP, Al-Fatah, Black September, Al Saiqa, Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade] as well as the spin-off/renegade groups [Abu Nidal Org./Black June, Hizbollah, Islamic Jihad, HAMAS] and the concepts behind fedayeen, intifadeh, karabala, and dar al-Islam) d. Red Brigade 24. Be able to identify the following groups by name, basic goals and philosophy, country of operation, history, political position, tactics, particular terroristic incidents, etc: a. Arab National Movement/George Habbash b. Armed Islamic Group (GIA) c. Arizona Patriots d. Aryan Nation e. Assassins (the Middle Eastern group) f. Aum Shinrikyo (Supreme Truth) g. Basque Nation and Liberty (ETA) h. Bodo Rebels i. Covenant, Sword and Arm of the Lord j. Dayak Rebels k. Direct Action l. ELN (National Liberation Army) m. FALN (Armed Forces of the National Liberation) n. FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia) o. Hutu/Tutsi genocide p. Irgun/Stern Gang q. Japanese Red Army r. Kashmiri Moslem Militants s. Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) t. M-19 u. Montoneros/ERP v. Moro National Liberation Front/Abu Sayyaf w. NAAWP x. Narodnaya Volya (People's Will) y. New People's Army (Huks) z. No Living Thing (RUF) aa.Northern Alliance bb.ORDEN cc.PKK (Kurdistan Workers Party) dd.Posse Comitatus ee.The Order/Robert Matthews ff.Red Army Faction/Baader Meinhoff Gang gg.Republic of Texas hh.SAVAK ii.Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) jj.Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) kk.Shin Bet ll.Sicarii/Masada mm.Sikhs nn.Taliban oo.Tamil Tigers pp.Thugs qq.Triads rr.Triple A ss.Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) tt.Tupamaros uu.UNITA 25. Give a brief discussion of the following people, events or incidents as they relate to civil disobedience and terrorism: a. Amritsar b. John Brown c. D.B. Cooper d. Mohandas 'Mahatma' Gandhi (ahimsa, satyagraha) e. Abimael Guzman f. Theodore Kacyznski g. Karl von Clausewitz h. Osama bin-Laden i. Munich Olympic Massacre j. Pol Pot/Saloth Sar k. Mohmmar Qadaffi l. Maximillan Robespierre and the Reign of Terror m. Hassan Ben Sabbah n. Tiananmen Square o. Yugoslavian break-up of the 1990s
Terrorism: Second Half Study Guide
1. Give a brief discussion of the following people, events or incidents as they relate to civil disobedience and terrorism: a. Achille Lauro Incident b. American Indian Movement (AIM) c. Animal Liberation Front (ALF) and PETA d. Black Muslims e. Lt. Calley/My Lai f. Dharsana Salt Works Demonstration g. Earth Liberation Front/Earth First! h. Adolph Eichmann i. Evan Mecham Eco-Terrorist International Conspiracy j. Guy Fawkes Gunpowder Plot k. Francis Ferdinand/Gavrilo Princip l. Hanafi Muslim Washington, D.C. Incident m. Heaven’s Gate n. Holocaust (evolution - Emigration, Nuremberg Laws, Kristallnacht, Concentration Camps, Work/Experimentation Camps, Death Camps) o. Kenya/Tanznia Bombing p. Aung San Suu Kyi q. T. E. Lawrence r. Lockerbie/Pan Am Flight 103 s. Luxor Incident t. McKinley Assassination u. Mad Bomber of NYC/George Metesky v. Charles Manson w. Mau Mau Rebellion x. May 19 Communist Organization y. NAACP z. New World Liberation Front aa.Oklahoma City Bombing/Timothy McVeigh bb.OPEC Kidnapping (l975) cc.Rape of Nanking dd.Republic of New Africa ee.Salman Rushdie/Satanic Verses ff.Sacco and Venzetti gg.Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez (Carlos the Jackel) hh.Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) ii.Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) jj.USS Cole Incident kk.Weather Underground/Prairie Fire ll.Yahweh Church mm.Young Socialist Alliance 2. List the dimensions along which American left-wing and right-wing terrorist groups seem to differ. 3. Discuss the history, development and general philosophy of the following groups: a. Black Panthers/Black Liberation Army b. Symbionese Liberation Army (including the Patty Hearst affair) 4. Discuss the Night of the Long Knives/Operation Hummingbird in the context of terrorism and Hitler's rise to power.
5. Discuss the Nuremberg Trials and review the legal issues raised there. 6. Discuss the concepts and give examples of: a. war crimes b. crimes against peace c. crimes against humanity 7. Identify and explain the five legals arguments that were raised in the trial of Adolph Eichmann. What was the 6th legal argument, and why was it not raised in open court? 8. Explain the superior order defense as it was used: a. in the trial of Adolph Eichmann b. in the trial of Lt. Calley 9. Explain the legal defense of nullum crimen sine lege. 10. Explain the concepts behind the "Filartiga Principle" as applied to contemporary American law. 11. Explain the difference between selected verses diffused targets and discuss who has generally been the selected target in America and why. 12. Discuss the differences between the criminal assassin and the terrorist assassin as outlined by Rapoport. 13. Describe the assassin typology as presented by Clarke. Classify the assassination of various American leaders, using the Clarke typology. 14. Describe the assassination typology as presented by the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. 15. Outline the basic concepts espoused by the anarchists, and be able to identify the basic philosophies/contributions/activities of the following persons: a. Makhail Bakunin b. Leon Czolgosz c. Peter Kropotkin 16. List 13 techniques/tactics/weapons used by terrorists, and give examples of terroristic episodes of each. 17. Discuss the different types of weapons used by terrorists: a. Biological b. Chemical c. Conventional d. Nuclear e. People 18. Define and discuss the four lines of defense governments can use against terrorism. 19. Explain the Stockholm Syndrome and the Lima Syndrome. 20. Explain the Bassiouni philosophy of dealing with terrorists. 21. List and discuss eight bargaining strategies as noted in the course handout. 22. Discuss the prescripts outlined in Goldaber's hostage survival guide. 23. Discuss the five stages of hostage post-episodic reaction to captivity as outlined by Poland. 24. Discuss the concept of political fragmentation vs. global economic/commercial unity union and how those two competing social forces will impact on terrorism in the 21st century. 25. Sax has stated, "to abdicate that (questioning) responsibility is only to begin the march in law-abiding lockstep toward moral oblivion." Expand upon this perspective. Do you agree with his perspective. Why or why not?